Short Wave

Short Wave

Dive into the intriguing world of science with "Short Wave," a podcast that illuminates the lesser-known corners of scientific discovery and inquiry. Hosted by passionate scientists and journalists from Short Wave, each episode offers a concise, yet deep exploration of topics ranging from astrophysics to zoology. Engaging and accessible, "Short Wave" simplifies complex scientific concepts for the curious listener, providing insights into how science impacts our daily lives. Whether you're a seasoned science enthusiast or a newbie, these episodes promise to spark your curiosity and expand your understanding. "Short Wave" prides itself on bringing diverse voices and perspectives to the forefront, ensuring that listeners gain a comprehensive view of contemporary scientific debates and breakthroughs. With expert guests and a knack for storytelling, the podcast creates a vibrant tapestry of information that is both educational and entertaining. Prepare to be challenged and charmed by stories that not only inform but also inspire action and deeper thought about the world around us.

Episodes

  • Was The Paris Olympic Pool Slow?

    In this "Short Wave" episode, NPR's Emily Kwong discusses with correspondents Bill Chappell and Brian Mann the intriguing theory circulating about the Paris Olympics' swimming pool potentially being slow. The conversation covers the pool's design, including its depth and features, which some believe might have affected the swimmers' speeds and contributed to fewer world records being set. The episode delves into the science behind pool design, such as turbulence, wave action, and the new standards for pool depth. It highlights how minor details in pool design can significantly influence swimmer performance, potentially explaining the unexpected outcomes and fewer records at the Paris Olympics.

  • We're All Swimming In Big Bang Juice

    In this enlightening episode of Short Wave, host Regina Barber, along with experts Chanda Prescott Weinstein and Renee Hlajek, explores the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and its pivotal role in cosmology. The discussion begins with a historical overview of how the CMB was serendipitously discovered by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, thanks to a persistent background noise in their radio antenna that turned out to be radiation from the early universe. The episode further explains how this discovery has helped scientists understand the conditions of the early universe, particularly its temperature and density variations, which are crucial for the formation of galaxies. Chanda and Renee elaborate on the technical aspects and the theoretical implications of these findings, emphasizing how current and future technological advancements continue to enhance our understanding of cosmology.

  • The Toll Of Social Media On Mental Health

    In this revealing episode of Short Wave, host Regina Barber and NPR science correspondent Michaeline Duclef delve into the significant impact of social media on mental health. They discuss psychologist Jean Twenge's research, which correlates the rise in smartphone usage with increasing rates of depression, anxiety, and loneliness among teenagers. The episode examines historical perspectives on technology's influence on youth, the evolution of social media's role in shaping modern social interactions, and provides concrete data from recent studies that suggest a direct correlation between social media usage and mental health deterioration. It concludes with a discussion on actionable steps to mitigate these effects, emphasizing the importance of managing social media consumption.

  • What Makes Simone Biles The GOAT, Scientifically

    In "What Makes Simone Biles The GOAT, Scientifically," host Regina Barber and guest Dr. Frederick Bertley delve into the fascinating intersection of gymnastics and physics. They discuss how gymnasts like Simone Biles embody principles of Newtonian physics through their movements, demonstrating the complex interplay of biomechanics, muscle memory, and cognitive focus required to perform at the highest levels. The episode highlights Biles' ability to combine intense physical skill with precise mental focus, illustrating her maneuvers as real-time experiments in physics, particularly during her spectacular performances in competitions such as the Olympics.

  • The Mathematical Marvel Of The Rubik's Cube

    In celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Rubik's Cube, this episode of Short Wave introduces Roman Chavez, a competitive cuber from Oakland, California, who shares his experiences and the mathematical intricacies involved in solving the cube. The discussion illuminates how cubing competitions are akin to a Rubik's Cube Olympics, featuring various styles such as solving with feet, one-handed, or blindfolded. The mathematical aspect is likened to solving algebraic equations, with cube moves described as algorithms. Chavez explains the concept of permutations through everyday examples and dives deep into the calculation of the staggering 43.2 quintillion possible permutations of the cube. The episode also explores the concept of "God's number," which is the minimum moves needed to solve the cube, established through extensive computer simulations. Lastly, Chavez discusses his personal journey with the cube, emphasizing its educational value and his efforts to teach cubing to youth, reflecting on how the cube has profoundly influenced his life and career in mathematics.

  • The Curious Case Of The Supermassive Black Hole

    "The Curious Case of The Supermassive Black Hole" on NPR's Short Wave podcast features host Emily Kwong and guest astrophysicist Priya Natarajan discussing groundbreaking insights into black holes. They explore the traditional understanding of black holes, formed from dying stars, and introduce a revolutionary theory explaining the origin of supermassive black holes through collapsing gas clouds, recently validated by the James Webb Space Telescope. The episode offers a profound look at how these cosmic phenomena challenge and expand our understanding of physics, providing listeners with a blend of historical context and cutting-edge science.

  • We Hate To Tell You This, But Some Leeches Can Jump

    In this episode of "Short Wave," host Regina Barber is joined by producer Hannah Chin and evolutionary biologist Michael Tesler to discuss a less-known aspect of leeches—their ability to jump. Regina begins by debunking common myths about leeches, mainly their historical medical use. Michael introduces over 800 species of leeches, emphasizing that while many feed on blood using strong anticoagulants, others have diets consisting of small invertebrates or fish. The highlight of the episode is the discovery by conservation biologist Mai Fahmi, who observed and recorded a leech jumping in Madagascar, a behavior previously undocumented and debated among scientists. This discovery not only surprises her colleagues but also challenges established scientific beliefs about leech movement. The episode wraps up with a discussion on the ecological implications of these findings, particularly concerning biodiversity and the impacts of climate change on leech habitats.

  • What Chimpanzee Gestures Reveal About Human Communication

    In this episode of Short Wave, hosts Regina Barber and Elsa Chang, along with co-host Emily Kwong, delve into the fascinating world of chimpanzee gestures and their implications for understanding human communication. They discuss a study observing wild chimpanzees, highlighting how their gestural exchanges mimic aspects of human conversation, such as turn-taking and rapid response times, suggesting an evolutionary basis for this form of communication. The episode not only sheds light on chimpanzees' complex social interactions but also touches upon other intriguing scientific topics, offering a comprehensive view of current scientific insights.

  • Dancing Yeti Crabs, Morphing Cuttlefish, Other Stories From The Deep Sea

    "Dancing Yeti Crabs, Morphing Cuttlefish, Other Stories From The Deep Sea" dives into the mysterious world of marine life, featuring stories that intertwine science with personal reflections. Hosted by Sabrina Imbler, the episode illuminates the surprising lives of yeti crabs, the transformation abilities of cuttlefish, and other deep-sea marvels. Imbler shares insights from their book, reflecting on how marine organisms have influenced their understanding of identity and survival, drawing parallels to human experiences, particularly within the queer community.

  • Outer Space Changes You, Literally. Here's What It Does To The Human Body

    "Outer Space Changes You, Literally" is a captivating exploration of the human body's response to space environments, featuring insights from NASA astronauts and scientists. The episode discusses various physiological changes astronauts undergo in microgravity, including muscle atrophy, bone density loss, and fluid shifts that affect vision and cardiovascular health. It highlights studies conducted on the International Space Station (ISS), such as the twin study with Scott and Mark Kelly, which provides detailed observations on genetic alterations due to long-term space missions. The episode also touches on the psychological challenges of space travel, like isolation and the monotony of long missions.

  • The Brain Makes A Lot Of Waste. Here's How It Cleans Itself Up

    In the "Short Wave" podcast episode "The Brain Makes A Lot Of Waste. Here's How It Cleans Itself Up," hosts Regina Barber and science correspondent John Hamilton delve into the fascinating process of how the brain cleans itself. The episode discusses the brain's unique waste removal system, the glymphatic system, which becomes highly active during sleep. This system helps clear out toxic proteins like beta amyloid, which are linked to Alzheimer's disease. The episode further explores recent scientific discoveries about how disrupting sleep can impair this system, potentially leading to or exacerbating brain diseases. Insights from researchers like Maiken Nedergaard and Laura Lewis highlight how deep sleep triggers significant cerebrospinal fluid movements that "wash" the brain cells, likened to a dishwasher.

  • How An Ambitious River Rerouting Plan Could Change India's Weather

    In this episode of Short Wave, Emily Kwong and journalist Sushmita Patak discuss India's revolutionary yet controversial river linking plan which aims to redistribute water across the country by connecting different river basins. The project proposes 30 links to transfer an estimated 200 billion cubic meters of water annually, potentially affecting India's weather, agriculture, and biodiversity. Critics and experts raise concerns about the ecological impacts and the practicality of altering natural water flows, especially when crucial hydrological data remains a state secret. The discussion also delves into historical attempts at river linking, the current political momentum behind the project, and potential environmental consequences that could reshape India's geographical and social landscape.

  • The Magic - And Science - Of Synchronous Firefly Displays

    In this episode of Short Wave, host Regina Barber and reporter Ping Huang explore the captivating world of fireflies. They begin with a nighttime adventure, observing fireflies in their natural habitat near Washington, DC, highlighting the insects' brief but spectacular adult stage. Expert Lynn Frierson Faust discusses the unique behaviors of different firefly species, including the rare synchronous fireflies found in places like Congaree National Park and the Great Smoky Mountains. The episode also addresses environmental challenges fireflies face, such as habitat destruction and light pollution, and concludes with actionable advice on how listeners can help preserve these magical creatures.

  • This Mysterious Energy Is Everywhere. Scientists Still Don't Know What It Is

    In "This Mysterious Energy Is Everywhere. Scientists Still Don't Know What It Is," host Regina Barber and computational cosmologist Brian Nord discuss the phenomenon of dark energy, which constitutes about 63% to 70% of the universe. Initially thought to be a mistake in Einstein's equations, this "fudge factor" now helps explain why the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. The episode forms part of Short Wave's "space camp series," simplifying complex astronomical concepts like cosmic acceleration and the density of vacuum energy. Through engaging explanations and historical anecdotes, the show illustrates how modern science has shifted from viewing the universe as static to recognizing its dynamic, ever-expanding nature, driven by dark energy's mysterious force.

  • The Dubious Consent Question At The Heart Of The Human Genome Project

    "The Dubious Consent Question At The Heart Of The Human Genome Project" explores the complexities of consent and genetic representation within the Human Genome Project. Despite initial promises of a diverse genetic database, 70% of the project's final genome sequence came from a single anonymous donor, raising significant ethical questions. The episode, featuring insights from Ashley Smart, senior editor at Undark magazine, examines the decisions that led to this outcome and the implications for both the scientific community and the donors involved. This episode not only revisits the technical achievements and challenges of the project but also emphasizes the ongoing conversation about ethical practices in scientific research.

  • Teens Are Following Skincare Trends On TikTok. Some Dermatologists Are Wary

    In this episode of "Short Wave," hosts Regina Barber and Scott Destro explore the popular skincare trend known as "glass skin" that has captivated TikTok's audience, particularly preteens. Originally from South Korea, this trend involves multiple skincare products to achieve a dewy, glowing complexion. However, dermatologists like Carol Chang from UCLA have noticed a troubling rise in skin issues among young users, including rashes and irritation due to the misuse of products meant for older skin. The episode also covers other intriguing topics, like a record-breaking swim by lion brothers in Uganda and a unique exoplanet with an atmosphere that smells of rotten eggs.

  • Like Humans, These Ants Can Perform Leg Amputations To Save Lives

    In this intriguing episode of Short Wave, NPR's science podcast, host Emily Kwong, along with science correspondent Nell Greenfield Boyce, delve into the fascinating world of ants and their medical practices, specifically focusing on therapeutic amputation. The discussion highlights recent research revealing that ants, particularly the common carpenter ant found in Florida, engage in limb amputation as a life-saving measure for injured colony members. The episode covers the evolutionary advantages of such behavior, the specific conditions under which ants decide to amputate, and parallels this with human medical practices, emphasizing the ants' strategic use of their biological capabilities to enhance colony survival.

  • The Invisible Substance That Structures Our Universe

    In this enlightening episode of NPR's Short Wave, hosts Emily Kwong and Rebecca Ramirez explore the mysterious realm of dark matter with insights from physicist Priyamvada Natarajan. They discuss dark matter's fundamental role in structuring the universe, despite it being invisible and largely undetectable directly. The episode traces the history of dark matter research from the early 20th century observations by Fritz Zwicky, through pivotal discoveries by Vera Rubin and Kent Ford in the 1970s, to contemporary research that maps dark matter through gravitational lensing. The hosts convey a sense of wonder and curiosity about the universe's vast unknowns, emphasizing dark matter's critical influence on galaxy formation and the cosmic structure.

  • Sharks Often Get A Bad Rap, But Oceans Need Them

    "Sharks Often Get A Bad Rap, But Oceans Need Them" delves into the misunderstood nature of sharks and their essential contributions to marine ecosystems. Host Maddie Sofia and guest shark scientist Melissa Cristina Marquez discuss how sharks maintain the balance of ocean life, including their influence on prey populations and marine vegetation. They highlight the sharks' roles in nutrient cycling through their migrations and feeding habits, which inadvertently contribute to the health of coral reefs and even climate regulation. The episode challenges common misconceptions about sharks, advocating for their protection given their decreasing populations due to human activities such as overfishing and habitat destruction.

  • From Cars To Leaf Blowers: Noise Pollution's Toll On Human Health

    In "From Cars To Leaf Blowers: Noise Pollution's Toll On Human Health," host Emily Kwong and guest Joanne Silburner explore the insidious effects of noise pollution on human health. The episode discusses how noise from highways, factories, and everyday urban life not only disrupts daily living but also significantly impacts health, particularly in terms of stress, blood pressure, and heart disease. The show highlights how poorer and less politically powerful communities often bear the brunt of noise pollution. Despite the critical nature of these issues, noise pollution receives little attention compared to other environmental concerns, largely due to the closure of the EPA's Office of Noise Abatement and Control in the early 1980s.

  • Researchers Are Figuring Out How African Ancestry Can Affect Certain Brain Disorders

    In this enlightening episode of "Short Wave," hosts Emily Kwong and John Hamilton discuss groundbreaking research from the African Ancestry Neuroscience Research Initiative. They delve into how differences in genetic ancestry can influence the risk and expression of certain brain disorders. The study, led by researcher Kainan Jade Benjamin at Johns Hopkins University, utilizes advanced genetic analysis to discern the role of African versus European ancestry in disease predisposition. The episode highlights the importance of distinguishing between race and genetic ancestry in medical research, demonstrating the influence of genetic diversity on health outcomes, especially in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The researchers also emphasize the need for building trust within the African American community to facilitate this kind of sensitive research.

  • Could '3 Body Problem's Aliens Exist? The Science Behind Netflix's New Hit

    In "Short Wave," hosts Regina Barber and guest Michael Wong explore the realism and scientific concepts within the Netflix series "The Three-Body Problem," based on Liu Si Xing's novel. The story, grounded in the complexities of the three-body problem in physics, follows an alien civilization from the chaotic Alpha Centauri system planning to invade Earth. The episode discusses the alien's motivations, driven by their unstable climate, and parallels with real astrophysics, such as the gravitational interactions and the potential habitability of exoplanets. Ethical considerations of contacting extraterrestrial intelligence, highlighting potential risks and the scientific community's debates, are also examined. The discussion extends to the portrayal of scientific collaboration and challenges the "lone genius" stereotype often seen in sci-fi narratives.

  • Want Juicy Barbecue This Fourth Of July? Cook Low And Slow

    In this informative episode of "Short Wave," guest host Sydney Lupkin delves into the art and science of smoking meat, a technique that involves cooking at low temperatures for extended periods. George Loving, a pitmaster, shares his journey from tailgating to running a barbecue catering business in Washington, D.C. The discussion reveals that brisket, known for its toughness, is ideal for smoking due to its high collagen content. Chemist Matt Hardings explains that the secret to tender, juicy meat lies in breaking down collagen into gelatin at low temperatures, a process that also prevents the meat from drying out. Additionally, the episode covers the importance of managing moisture to form a desirable crust, known as bark, on the meat's surface, and the role of the Maillard reaction in creating flavorful, crunchy textures. The correct use of wood and smoke management is also discussed, emphasizing the need for controlled, low-temperature cooking to enhance the meat's flavor without overpowering it.

  • Move Over Norse Mythology, There's A New Loki In Town - A Dinosaur

    In this intriguing episode of Short Wave, hosts Regina Barber and Ari Shapiro, along with guests, delve into the discovery of Loki Saratops Rangiformes, a new dinosaur species named after the Norse god Loki. This ceratopsian distinguishes itself with unique horn structures resembling those on Loki's helmet, found in Denmark. The episode explores not only the physical characteristics of this new species but also the broader implications of such a discovery on our understanding of dinosaur diversity and evolution, particularly in Montana, a hotspot for fossils. Furthermore, discussions extend to conservation successes like the Iberian lynx and an anticipated astronomical event, providing a compelling mix of historical life and current natural phenomena.

  • The Human Brain Is Hardwired To Recognize Faces. But What If You Can't?

    In this fascinating episode of Short Wave, host Emily Kwong and guest Sadie Dinkfelder delve into the condition known as face blindness or prosopagnosia. Sadie shares her personal struggles with recognizing faces, recounting an incident where she mistook a stranger for her husband. A visit to a neuroscientist revealed that her fusiform face area, a brain region critical for face recognition, functions atypically, likening her facial recognition ability to that of a below-average macaque. The episode further explores how this condition affects Sadie's social interactions and self-perception. It provides insights into the biological underpinnings of face recognition, emphasizing the evolutionary importance of this trait in human societies.

  • Some Stars Explode As They Die. We Look At Their Life Cycle

    In this installment of "Short Wave," host Regina Barber delves into the stellar life cycle, emphasizing the varied destinies of stars based on their mass. Featuring astrophysicist Serafina El Badrinance, the episode explains how stars like Betelgeuse are nearing explosive ends as supernovas, while others like our Sun will exit less dramatically. The discussion illuminates how stars form in stellar nurseries from collapsing gas and dust, ignite nuclear fusion, and eventually evolve or explode, shedding light on both the scientific and philosophical implications of these celestial phenomena.

  • Earth Is More Than A Planet With Life On It. It's A "Living Planet"

    "Earth Is More Than A Planet With Life On It. It's A 'Living Planet'" is an episode from the Short Wave podcast by NPR, where host Regina Barbour engages with science writer Ferris Jabr. They discuss the concept that Earth is not merely a host for life but is intrinsically alive, functioning as a massive, self-regulating system. The conversation is anchored around Jabr's new book, "Becoming Earth," which posits that life on Earth, including microbes, plants, and atmospheric conditions, actively modulates and maintains the planet's systems. The episode delves into fascinating examples, like how bacteria influence weather patterns and the historical role of life forms in shaping Earth's atmosphere and geology, presenting Earth as a dynamic entity where life and the environment are deeply entwined.

  • We're In For A Brutal Hurricane Season, According To Predictions

    "Short Wave" hosts Emily Kwong and NPR climate desk correspondent Rebecca Hersher discuss predictions for a particularly brutal hurricane season. The episode explores the scientific factors contributing to this forecast, such as unusually high ocean temperatures and favorable wind conditions, both exacerbated by human-induced climate change. Experts predict between 17 and 25 storms with at least eight expected to develop into major hurricanes. The discussion highlights the impact of elevated ocean temperatures over the past year, possibly influenced by factors like volcanic activities and increased greenhouse gases. It also covers the increased potential for severe storms and the practical steps people can take to prepare, emphasizing early preparation to mitigate risks.

  • What 'Inside Out 2' Got Right About Anxiety, Per A Psychologist

    "Inside Out 2" captures the emotional rollercoaster of adolescence, introducing new emotions in protagonist Riley's life as she navigates puberty and its challenges. Clinical psychologist Lisa Damour, a consultant on the film, discusses the sequel's expansion of Riley's emotional world to include emotions like anxiety, which plays a central role. Damour praises the film for its depiction of anxiety not as a villain, but as a normal, albeit intense, part of growing up. The episode delves into the neurological changes during adolescence, the introduction of new emotions in the film, and provides insights into managing anxiety effectively, resonating with both parents and teenagers.

  • Pluto Isn't A Planet - But It Gives Us Clues For How The Solar System Formed

    In this intriguing episode of "Short Wave," host Regina Barber dives into the reasons behind Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet. The pivotal moment occurred during a 2006 International Astronomical Union meeting in Prague, where new criteria for defining a planet were established. Pluto's inability to clear its orbit led to its demotion, stirring debate among astronomers and planetary scientists. The episode further examines how objects like Pluto offer clues to the processes of planetary formation, highlighting the ongoing discourse on planet definitions based on intrinsic properties rather than orbital dynamics. The discussion, enriched with expert insights from computational astrophysicist Vladimir Lyra, also touches on the broader implications of these definitions for celestial bodies throughout the cosmos.

  • How Millions Of Mosquitoes Could Save Hawaii's Endangered Birds

    In this intriguing episode of "Short Wave," hosts Emily Kwong, Ryan Kellman, and Lauren Sommer delve into an innovative conservation method being used in Hawaii to save the island's endangered birds, particularly the honeycreepers. The strategy involves releasing genetically modified mosquitoes that are unable to reproduce effectively, thus controlling the mosquito population that transmits avian malaria—a disease to which local birds have no natural immunity. The episode discusses the significant challenges faced by these birds, including the drastic reduction in their populations due to disease and habitat loss. It also highlights efforts at the Maui Bird Conservation Center to breed and protect these species, with a particular focus on the kiwikiu and the 'akikiki, two of the most critically endangered birds. The conversation covers the broader implications of such ecological interventions and the ethical considerations of using genetic technology for conservation purposes.

  • Inheriting: Leah & Japanese American Incarceration

    "Inheriting: Leah & Japanese American Incarceration" is a poignant episode from the Short Wave podcast, where host Emily Kwong delves into the lingering effects of historical trauma through personal stories. The narrative centers around Leah Bash, who recounts her father's struggles with mental health, linked to his early childhood experiences during the Japanese American incarceration. The episode highlights the concept of epigenetics, suggesting that traumatic events can leave marks on our genes, potentially affecting future generations. It provides a touching and insightful examination of how the past continues to shape present emotions and behaviors, emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing intergenerational trauma.

  • How The Current Heat Dome Can Affect Human Health

    In this episode of NPR's Short Wave, host Regina Barber and climate correspondent Lauren Sommer delve into the severe implications of heat domes on health. They discuss an ongoing experiment at Penn State University which tracks human responses to increasing humidity, illustrating the body's struggle to regulate temperature in muggy conditions. Highlighting the deadliness of heat-related fatalities compared to other weather phenomena, the episode emphasizes the underestimated threats posed by heat domes. With expert insights, the narrative uncovers the limitations of current heat warning systems and the National Weather Service's efforts to enhance public safety through improved forecasting and public awareness initiatives.

  • From The Physics Of G-Force To Weightlessness: How It Feels To Launch Into Space

    Dive into the thrilling physics of space travel on "Short Wave," where hosts Regina Barber and Emily Kwong explore what it's like to launch into space. Featured expert, Navy captain and former NASA astronaut Wendy Lawrence, shares firsthand insights into the physical sensations and visual marvels encountered during launch. The episode illuminates the basics of rocket physics, using vivid analogies and historical references to Newton's laws. As Lawrence recounts the intense g-forces and the sudden transition to weightlessness, listeners gain a profound understanding of human spaceflight. Additionally, the episode addresses the growing problem of space debris, likening it to Earth's environmental issues, and discusses the implications of increasing satellite launches on the sustainability of space as a frontier.

  • Illegal Wildlife Trade Is Booming. What Does That Mean For The Confiscated Animals?

    In this episode of "Short Wave," hosts Rachel Carlson and Nate Rott delve into the booming illegal wildlife trade, focusing on its repercussions for biodiversity, local economies, and ecosystems. They highlight a pilot project in Southern California that provides immediate and long-term care for confiscated animals. Through interviews with experts and visits to key facilities like the Turtle Conservancy, the episode paints a vivid picture of the scale and complexity of wildlife trafficking, emphasizing the dire need for comprehensive solutions to address both the symptoms and root causes of this global issue.

  • Math In Drag' Explores The Creativity And Beauty In Numbers

    "Math in Drag" showcases how Kyne Santos, a mathematician and drag performer, combines her passions to make learning math engaging. The episode, hosted by Emily Kwong of NPR's Short Wave, explores Kyne's journey from math competitions to becoming a TikTok influencer who teaches math in full drag. Through her unique approach, Kyne reveals the fun, creative, and sometimes rebellious nature of mathematics, likening it to the art of drag—both have rules, but those rules can be bent or broken to explore new possibilities. The discussion also touches on broader societal issues, such as the backlash against drag culture and the infinite possibilities within the realm of mathematics, making this episode both educational and deeply personal.

  • Psychedelic treatment for PTSD faces misconduct hurdle

    In this episode of "Short Wave," NPR's Emily Kwong and science reporter Will Stone explore the transformative potential of MDMA for treating PTSD and the significant controversies surrounding its clinical trials. The episode delves into the hopeful results of Phase 3 trials, showing promising treatment outcomes. However, it also uncovers skepticism from a report by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, which raises concerns about the validity of the clinical trials, suggesting potential biases and methodological flaws that could have influenced the results. The episode balances the optimism around MDMA's therapeutic benefits with the critical voices from the scientific community, presenting a nuanced view of where this treatment stands in the regulatory process.

  • A Silky Shark Named Genie Swam 17,000 Miles, a Record-Breaking Migration

    In this enlightening episode of Short Wave, the hosts explore three intriguing science stories, with a focus on Genie, a silky shark whose migration spanned an astonishing 17,000 miles, setting a new record for her species. The shark was tagged in the Galapagos Marine Reserve and traveled extensively across the Pacific, showcasing not only remarkable endurance but also raising questions about shark behavior and conservation. Insights from neuroscience on how humans process negation and the peculiar behavior of metal-pecking woodpeckers are also discussed, providing a diverse exploration of current scientific phenomena.

  • A Vaginal Microbiome Transplant Could Help People With BV

    In this insightful episode of Short Wave, host Emily Kwong discusses with Fatima Aisha Hussain, a postdoctoral research scientist at the Reagan Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, the innovative approach of vaginal microbiome transplants to treat bacterial vaginosis (BV). Hussain, whose work merges microbiology with radical feminism, shares findings from her pilot study that aims to rebalance the vaginal microbiome to combat recurrent BV, a condition that affects 30% of women globally and has a high recurrence rate even after antibiotic treatment. The episode delves into the complexities of the vaginal ecosystem, contrasting it with the gut microbiome, and the challenges and successes of transferring healthy microbiomes to treat BV.

  • With summer is approaching, here's a smarter way to use sunscreen

    In this episode of "Short Wave," hosts Regina Barber and NPR’s science correspondent Allison Aubrey explore the science of sunscreen and its crucial role in preventing skin cancer. They discuss the significant risks associated with improper sunscreen application, including the development of melanoma and other skin cancers linked to UV radiation. The episode highlights six common mistakes people make with sunscreen, such as using expired products and not applying enough, and offers expert advice on choosing and using sunscreen effectively. It emphasizes the importance of broad-spectrum protection, the benefits of mineral over chemical sunscreens, and the necessity of reapplication.

  • How Israel Is Using Facial Recognition In Gaza

    In "How Israel Is Using Facial Recognition in Gaza," host Jeff Brumfiel and tech reporter Shira Frankel explore Israel's implementation of facial recognition technologies in Gaza and the West Bank. The episode delves into the technology's advancements, its applications in surveillance, and the ethical concerns arising from its use. Discussions include firsthand observations from Hebron, insights from Palestinians affected by surveillance, and the broader implications of such technology globally. Shira Frankel shares her investigative findings on Israel's partnerships with private companies and the use of platforms like Google Photos for identifying individuals, raising crucial questions about consent and privacy in the digital age.

  • Who's At Risk For Uterine Fibroids? Most Women

    In "Who's At Risk For Uterine Fibroids? Most Women," Short Wave dives into the common yet often misunderstood issue of uterine fibroids. The episode features Tanika Gray Valburn, who shares her personal struggle with fibroids and the inception of the White Dress Project, a nonprofit aimed at boosting fibroid awareness and education. Host Emily Kwong and expert guest Rachel Burvell discuss why fibroids are especially prevalent and severe in Black women and explore the historical biases in medical treatment. They highlight both emerging and traditional treatments, emphasizing the importance of informed, culturally sensitive medical care.

  • What are sperm whales saying? Researchers find a complex 'alphabet'

    In this fascinating episode of "Short Wave," host Regina Barber and NPR's climate correspondent Lauren Sommer discuss the complex communication of sperm whales, revealing research that employs artificial intelligence to decode their 'alphabet' of clicks—codas. Researchers like Shane Garrow have observed these whales closely, noting their social structures and how they use sounds to navigate and interact in the ocean's depths. The episode highlights the collaborative efforts involving AI to analyze thousands of whale communications, discovering structured patterns that suggest a linguistic complexity previously underestimated. The implications of understanding and potentially interacting with sperm whale communication are also pondered, emphasizing both the ethical considerations and the profound impact humans have on these majestic creatures.

  • Climate Change Is Coming For Your Chocolate

    "Climate Change Is Coming For Your Chocolate" on NPR's Short Wave podcast explores the intricate relationship between cocoa production and climate change. Host Emily Kwong, with guest Yasmine Tyag, a food health and science writer, discusses how erratic weather patterns and diseases are threatening cocoa crops in major producing countries like Ghana and Ivory Coast. The episode explains the science of cocoa cultivation, the fermentation process critical for flavor development, and the dire economic and environmental challenges faced by cocoa farmers. It also considers innovations like alternative chocolates and the broader implications of rising chocolate prices and shrinking product sizes due to increased production costs.

  • How AI Is Cracking The Biology Code

    In this engaging episode of "Short Wave," hosts Emily Kwong and Burleigh McCoy delve into the profound influence of artificial intelligence on protein science. They discuss how AI has resolved longstanding challenges in determining protein structures, a problem that has perplexed scientists for over six decades. Using tools like Google DeepMind's AlphaFold, scientists can now predict protein shapes accurately, a breakthrough that significantly accelerates biological research and potential applications in medicine and environmental science. The episode also highlights how AI not only aids in understanding existing proteins but also in designing new ones with specific functions to tackle contemporary issues like disease and climate change.

  • NEWS: NOAA Issues First Severe Geomagnetic Storm Watch Since 2005

    In this special report of "Short Wave," host Regina Barbour explores the severe geomagnetic storm watch issued by NOAA, the first since 2005. The episode delves into the causes of such storms, primarily solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun, and their potential effects on Earth. Experts like Sean Dahl from NOAA and solar physicist Samayya Farid provide insights into the phenomena, discussing past significant events like the 1859 Carrington Event and the implications for modern technology if such a storm were to occur today. The episode balances the scientific explanations with the societal and technological impacts, emphasizing the need for preparedness in the face of these solar events.

  • How Autism Can Look Very Different, Even in Identical Twins

    In this intriguing episode of Short Wave, host Regina Barber and NPR's John Hamilton delve into the lives of identical twins Sam and John Fedders, who despite sharing the same genes, exhibit remarkably different expressions of autism. Through interviews and expert insights, the episode highlights the interplay between genetics and environmental factors in autism's manifestation. The Fedders twins, while genetically identical, live diverging lives due to their differing abilities to cope with and adapt to their neurological conditions. The episode sheds light on broader scientific efforts to understand autism's variances through twin studies, offering profound insights into how identical genetics can result in distinct developmental paths.

  • The Wonderous World Of Nudibranchs

    In this episode of "Short Wave," host Maddie Sofia dives deep into the enchanting world of nudibranchs—vibrant and diverse sea slugs. Maddie and her guest, Ryan Hewlett, discuss how these creatures not only captivate with their vivid colors and patterns but also amaze with their ability to harness the powers of their prey. Some nudibranchs can perform photosynthesis by storing algae in their bodies, while others steal and repurpose stinging cells from jellyfish for defense. The episode marvels at the sheer adaptability and survival strategies of nudibranchs, highlighting their role in marine ecosystems and the ongoing research by enthusiasts and scientists fascinated by their capabilities.

  • Stealing The Past': A Spat Between Twins Leads To A Theory Of Disputed Memories

    In this intriguing episode of "Short Wave," host Emily Kwong, joined by Gabriel Spitzer, dives into the science of siblings, spotlighting the concept of disputed memories. The narrative unfolds around Mercedes Sheen and her twin, Mikyla, who often remember the same events differently, such as their first kiss. Sheen, a psychology professor at Harriet Watt University in Dubai, used her personal experiences and academic prowess to research and define "disputed memories" through experiments with other twins. This episode intricately discusses how memories are not merely retrieved but reconstructed, influenced by subjective perceptions and the brain's complex architecture. It touches on the implications of these findings for understanding human memory and identity, emphasizing the blend of personal anecdotes and scientific research.

  • Deer Are Expanding North. That Could Hurt Some Species Like Boreal Caribou

    In this episode of "Short Wave," hosts Emily Kwong, Juana Summers, and Regina Barber delve into how white-tailed deer are migrating north into Canada's boreal forests—a shift that could disrupt local ecosystems. This movement, influenced primarily by climate warming, brings deer into harsh northern climates where they thrive, inadvertently inviting predators like wolves. This poses a threat to the boreal caribou, a species not well adapted to increased predator presence. The episode features insights from Melanie Dickey, a wildlife biologist, who emphasizes the importance of understanding these dynamics for conservation efforts. The discussion extends into innovative scientific endeavors like engineering plastics to degrade and growing crops in Mars-like conditions, highlighting a blend of environmental challenges and technological advancements.

  • 10 Years After Flint, The Fight To Replace Lead Pipes Continues

    Ten years after the Flint water crisis, efforts continue to replace lead pipes and ensure safe drinking water. Host Emily Kwong and guest Mona Hannah Attisha discuss Flint's switch back to Lake Huron water and the replacement of thousands of lead pipes, though many remain. The episode also focuses on Chicago, where lead pipe issues persist despite regulatory efforts. Key discussions include the impact of lead on children's health, the challenges of infrastructure replacement, and proposed regulatory changes by the EPA to improve water safety standards.