Sanjay Gupta #4 (on dementia and weight loss drugs)

Dax Shepard
Welcome, welcome. Welcome to armchair Expert. Experts on Expert. There is an old friend coming by. Repeat, he is jockeying for most frequent guests.

Monica Padman
He is. And he's up there. He's in a dead heat. Maybe with Sedaris. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
Doctor Sanjay Gupta. What a sweetheart. From Livonia, Michigan. That's always gonna make me like him more than everyone else. Yeah.

Monica Padman
And he's one of those guests we have where we just start talking and it's so interesting. Yeah. And he can pretty much tell you about anything in the health sphere. And touchdown on the most exciting topics. In fact, today we go over Alzheimer's, the weight loss drugs.

We talked about marijuana. Marijuana. Yeah. Everything under the sun. And he has a new documentary out on May 19 on CNN called the last Alzheimer's patient.

Dax Shepard
And we talk a lot about that. Of course, Sanjay is a neurosurgeon with a practice and CNN's chief medical correspondent. He has a new season of his podcast out now. Wherever you get your podcast called chasing the science behind happiness. Who wouldn't want to know about that?

Please enjoy our sweet, sweet friend, doctor Sanjay Gupta. We are supported by Squarespace. Guys, we have a Squarespace website that. It's just gorgeous. That wabiwab, you built that yourself using all the templates?

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Sanjay Gupta
He's an option expert.

Dax Shepard
How are you? Just get out of the gym? Yes. How are you touching? My breath feel solid.

Monica Padman
Hi, so good to see you. You too. In person. In person. Back in person.

It's been awesome. Have you been offered all the drinks? I got my drink. Yeah, I'm good. You don't need a coffee or anything?

Sanjay Gupta
No. Good. Tell me about your coffee intake. I do a cup a day. I never drank coffee before the pandemic.

Dax Shepard
Okay. When? Your whole life? My whole life. Wow.

Sanjay Gupta
Never liked it. It's so tempting to stereotype when we have two Indians in the room. Yeah, because Monica was a very late adapter to caffeine too. Yeah. Immediately.

Dax Shepard
Just go, oh, that's weird. You're two of only five people I know that came to it that late. Yeah, well, thing is, I drank caffeine. I just didn't like coffee. Oh, okay.

So you had soda or whatever. What soda? I'd have tea. Coffee just did not taste good to me. And it was really weird because everybody that I know, especially in the medical world, they all drink coffee.

Copious amounts. Yeah. Multiple cups a day. Did not like it. And then my wife started giving it to me during the pandemic.

Giving it to you like it was medicinal. It was. I was getting up at 430 every morning, right. Trying to stay on top of all the. Make my calls to the other side of the world before they go to bed.

Sanjay Gupta
And I needed caffeine, and I got this good coffee. Purity. I don't know if you're supposed to talk about brands. It's a good, clean coffee. What makes it unique?

The other stuff, I felt like I could always taste chemicals in the back of it. Yeah. To get that chemical aftertaste in my mouth with purity. It's just clean. I want to try it.

Dax Shepard
I am fully addicted to starbies in the same way I was addicted to camel lights. Like, it's my religion. And people even point out, like, you know, that's overly cooked and burnt and blah, blah, blah. I'm like, yeah, whatever it is, you don't taste it. It's perfect for me.

Sanjay Gupta
Everyone has their own palate now, once. You like it, because, okay, similarly, grow up, my grandparents, percolator. Livonia. I remember, yes, Milford Township, but all. My summer's in Livonia, and that percolator went all day long, the big coffee pot.

Dax Shepard
So it smelled so good, and I wanted to like it for so long. And it was terrible, as you were just describing. And then one day, it was delicious. Mm. Ha.

Sanjay Gupta
Just clicked. Don't you think that is one of the weirdest phenomena with your taste buds? It doesn't surprise me that we are constantly changing that. Our taste buds, our microbiome, what we like, what we don't like, what we find sweet or palatable changes as we get older. Frankly, it may change even day to day or month to month.

We have that much sort of dynamic changes in our body. So it doesn't necessarily surprise me. Yeah. By the way, you look ripped. Can I just tell you?

Dax Shepard
Please tell me. Tell me all day. I mean, I'm just saying. Okay. To put off some of that compliment, I literally just walked upstairs from the gym.

So this is as good as it's gonna look for the next two days. Did you do it just for me? Of course I did. Appreciate it. You're bringing the brains, I gotta bring the brawny yin and Yang.

Sanjay Gupta
You guys got both. I just wanna say I've been really looking forward to this. Us too. This is the fourth time I'm on your show. Yeah, that's a bit.

Dax Shepard
You're one of our biggest tied Sedaris with this episode. Or maybe one behind. Probably one behind. He's four or five. I'll be back next week.

In fact, you should just come back at four and just do back to back. You're investigating enough things that I'm sure we could fill 2 hours with any number of topics. So before we even get into that, what fascinates me about your role is you're also in show business and so you do publicity tours. Like, here's what I thought. I walked out of the gym and I saw a really nice Escalade sitting in the driveway.

And I said, oh, that's Sanjay. Sanjay definitely has a driver that CNN provides. It's cause he is also expected to go out and promote the show. In a lot of ways, you're like an actor that would travel around and do press tours. Yeah.

Sanjay Gupta
You know, it's funny, I've never thought of it that way. That sort of stuff was always sort of the add on. And frankly, I'm not even really promoting anything. You guys provided this wonderful invitation, and as soon as I saw it, I just jumped at the opportunity to be here. I'm not just saying that.

I'm trying to think, am I promoting something right now? I'm not even sure. Well, yes. May 19, you've got the last Alzheimer's patient on CNN. I'm very excited about that.

Dax Shepard
You have a podcast of your own chasing life. Yes. A couple of forthcoming documentaries you're making that are of great interest to me. One in particular, the weight loss drugs. I want to talk about that ad.

Nosman, if we could yeah, I talk about that. I just got back from Copenhagen. Oh, you did? Yes. So the federal government two days ago signaled that they're going to pretty much declassify weed, reschedule it declassified.

You're going to be allowed to talk about it now, drop it down in a schedule. Tylenol level, Christian Tylenol with codeine still controlled. So it's not recreationally going to be different than what it already is. There's so many states that have it recreationally, but it's a big move, something we've been talking about for a long time. I think it can be a medicine.

Sanjay Gupta
The culture and the science. The collision of those two around cannabis is one of the most fascinating things that I think I reported on, just how it all comes together. Yeah. And there's also some, like, geopolitical and historical ramifications of it. We're generally not leading this as a country.

Dax Shepard
We're pretty conservative, and it's kind of shocking that we will potentially be joining a handful of countries globally out of hundreds of countries that actually might decriminalize it entirely. And that's not generally our position either. It's not. And even this rescheduling, to be fair, will still have this federal versus state dichotomy. There still may be problems in certain places for people to access this as a medicine.

Sanjay Gupta
Traveling with it across state lines, that's boggled my mind that you could use it as a legitimate medicine for your child with seizures in California, but potentially be criminalized for the same thing in a different state. So this doesn't necessarily address it because it's still a controlled substance. Yes, but I think we would both recognize the very well worn pattern of this, which is most states start with a medical use clause, which then grew into recreational use. Fuck it. We're here.

Dax Shepard
Let's talk about marijuana. We have now a pretty robust data set. I don't know how many years it's been, but I believe Colorado's got to be coming up on maybe a decade or something of having fully recreational, legalized marijuana. That's right. And so I imagine we have a good sense of what the impact of that is.

Good or bad, plus and minus. Look, you can even go further back to prohibition because that provided some really interesting data on what happens when you actually, in that case, deregulate something. You do see usage go up for a period of time, but ultimately it probably sort of balances out to where it was before. So there's not this huge clamoring all of a sudden for people to just start taking it. People who wanted it before recreationally probably got it.

Monica Padman
Yeah, exactly. People who use it as a medicine and felt criminalized for using it as a medicine. By the way. I'm not just saying that. I think that not only can it work as a medicine in certain situations, I think what really struck me is that sometimes it's the only thing that can work.

Dax Shepard
Give a couple of examples. This seizure disorder known as dravets. D R a v e t s. So it's basically just seizures that are happening all the time for young children. Intractable, they're called.

Sanjay Gupta
And there was a little girl who first captured my attention on this because I wasn't that sold on it being a medicine, but she was a young girl named Charlotte Figgy. Well, let's be clear. A lot of people are worshipping it as a cure all from, like, the 19 hundreds. So there's a lot of bogus stuff you had to weed through. That's the challenge in so many areas.

Dax Shepard
Yes. Almost all of these things. I think it's one of the hardest parts of my job, frankly, because people. People want to see black and white where they should rightly see gray. And the idea that, well, you said it was going to be a cure all, a panacea for everything.

Sanjay Gupta
It's not that. Therefore it's useless. Well, that's not right either. So to be nuanced in this area is challenging, and you kind of know you're doing it right. As a reporter, if people on all these different sides are throwing barbs at.

Dax Shepard
You, if they all hate you, I think you're onto something. I got it. It's counterintuitive. It used to be that you think if you get consensus that you were onto something, but actually, I think it's the opposite now. Yeah, you've drawn the ire of all these different people.

Sanjay Gupta
You must be doing something right. But the young girls are the young girl. She had tried seven different generations of antiepileptic medications. Keppra. Keppra.

She had done medications that had been formulated in different ways for little kids. They had even recommended a veterinary medication, but at the same time, still said cannabis was a no no. So we're willing to try a medication for animals. But then her mom in Colorado Springs, which, by the way, is a pretty conservative area, parents had never used cannabis they told me she formulated in her own kitchen. So just took the cannabis plant, turned it into an oil, squirted into her daughter's mouth, and it helped with their seizures.

She went from 300 seizures. A week to about, yeah. Can you imagine? Do you know, to remind you, Monica has epilepsy. She's.

Monica Padman
I've had two seizures. Nocturnal. Yeah, I'm a nocturnal animal. I've had two nocturnal seizures. I'm on keppra.

Sanjay Gupta
Gotcha. Was the most recent one a while ago? 2020 and 2019. They were a year apart. Immediately before the pandemic.

Monica Padman
Yes, right before the pandemic. And then I got on the medication. Yeah. Maybe I'm just sensitive clairvoyant diseases. You probably are, but did you have an aura, though?

Sanjay Gupta
Did you have something before the actual seizure that gave you some sense? I don't think so. Because aura. People sometimes may see a visual thing where they see sparkles in front of their eyes. Sometimes they may have a strange taste in their mouth.

That's a common one. You taste metal in the back of your mouth. Oh, God, I'm gonna be so hyperbolic. So I didn't mean to. No.

Monica Padman
They were both at night, so I don't know what anything was. And I was with friends the first time. I didn't know what it was. I just woke up, like, at. So disoriented and in a ton of pain.

And I had peed. Peed the bed. I know you want to be proud. Of you for keeping that in. He's a doctor.

Dax Shepard
He's seen it all. I had urinated in the bed. Nocturnal emission of the urinary type. That's not common for me. So I thought, what's going on?

Monica Padman
I went to the doctor the next morning. They did a urinalysis. And then they were like, oh, your kidneys are fine. Everything's fine. You're fine.

And I was like, well, okay, I guess. And they gave me a steroid shot for, like, the pain. That was it. And then a year later, did you. Get a scan of your brain?

No. They didn't even begin to think this could be neurological. They were just like, oh, something weird. You laughed in there. Yeah, she drank too much.

Dax Shepard
Probably peed to bed last time, see it a thousand times a week. I was like, I didn't. But then the second one. And this is crazy. I was on this date, a first date.

Monica Padman
And of course, I bring up that I had peed in the bed a year ago. First date. On a first date. I go all in, and he said, I don't mean to scare you, but it kind of sounds like you had a seizure. Cause he himself had had a seizure, and I had never heard that or thought of it.

So I was like, huh, weird. And I asked my doctor, I said, hey, that thing that happened to you ago, could that have been a seizure? And she said, there's no way for us to know at this point. A week later, I was with Kristen and two of our other friends in New York, and I had one. So they saw it.

Dax Shepard
They were sharing a bed. Thank God. Yeah, got it. Thank God. They were cutting costs.

Two to a bed. Bunch of millionaires still saving money. You gotta applaud it. Seizure prophylaxis. She was fortunate.

And then they observed the whole thing and then went to the hospital. Then it was like, that's what's happening. And did they scan you then? Then they did. And everything's fine.

Sanjay Gupta
Everything's fine. Okay. I had peed the bed too, but it was alcoholism. That was. If I peed the bed again, it's probably that.

Is that on your list of topics, peeing the bed? I just wanted to tell you that we both peed the bed and invite you to share some ways. I would like to share a similar. I mean, I definitely peed the bed as well. I think I was like two years.

Monica Padman
Old, but 300 a week, that's. That was crazy. And so. And by the way, if your child is having 300 seizures a week, I have to imagine you are absolutely open to anything. Oh, my God.

Sanjay Gupta
Right? That was the thing. So, you know, she would put this baby in the baby bjorn and just feel her seizing all the time. Can you imagine? And then they tried these medications, and then they're told the medications can be cardiotoxic.

They're so powerful they could actually stop or hurt. So it was terrible, terrible choices for a mom. Are they muting out neural activity of certain areas that's potentially shutting down your parasympathetic. They're basically stunting all these pathways in your body. That's how they work.

And that could have an impact on the heart as well. So she tries cbd oil and she says, an hour goes by, 5 hours go by, a day goes by, and Charlotte does not have a seizure. She has to be crying at that point with gratitude. Yeah. And also living with this sort of guilt still, that this is a substance that shouldn't be used by a child, certainly, and was very reluctant to talk about it, but then she did, and it made a huge difference.

There's a product called Charlotte's Web. Have you ever heard of this? It's a cannabis product, comes out of Colorado. It's named after this girl, Charlotte Figgy. That's how it started.

Dax Shepard
Stanley Bird, sued by the publishers of Charlotte's web, but hopefully they'll be victorious. Yeah, I think even the publisher of Charlotte's web would be on board on this one. I hope so. Helping a lot of kids. Oh, man.

Yeah. So that's the medical use. There are numerous ones that have been documented and are legitimate. Now, what are the more social outcomes? And have you even looked at kind of the broad data?

One of the things that's been observed that I'm aware of is where marijuana is legalized alcohol consumption dips. And that's interesting. So in a harm reduction model, even if marijuana is not ultimately beneficial, but we weigh it against maybe decreased alcohol consumption, which we know is bad for many reasons. You know, you gotta have this very nuanced approach to evaluating what's good or bad for society. And I'm really curious where we're at on all of it.

I mean, so that's one positive thing that's been observed. There was really interesting data that came out of Colorado initially looking at opioid use specifically, and they found that opioid consumption went down. That is. Wow. Huh.

Sanjay Gupta
Part of it, I think, has to do with the fact that people do use marijuana for pain. You were getting this alternative to opioids because there weren't a lot of opioid alternatives. We've done seven documentaries on this. The last one we did was specifically looking at the use of cannabis in seniors, and it was really for what I sort of called the triad of aging. So you're older and you're fine, you're healthy, but the three things that seniors complain about the most, sleep problems, generalized aches and pains and mood.

So oftentimes, because we live in such a medicalized society, you might be prescribed pain medications, antidepressants, and Ambien. My dad, who was 80 years old, was prescribed Ambien. Oh, boy. Terrible drug. Do you operate the farm tractor or.

No. But it's so scary to take Ambien. Yeah, it's not a good one. I'm gonna go out on a limb. He fell and falls are a huge problem.

Dax Shepard
How about the fact that it was never studied on women? And come to find out, it's twice as potent in women for whatever reason. I mean, the idea of how we run trials for both women and children in this country, but the idea that cannabis could be used for the nuisances of aging is really interesting. Well, in this case, kind of a cure all, actually. Yeah.

Sanjay Gupta
I mean, people were reporting much higher quality of life scores. I spent a fair amount of time in Europe looking at how they're using cannabis in different places in Europe. And what is interesting, in Israel, for example, they are looking at the use of cannabis for what they call behavioral abnormalities associated with dementia. So people who get dementia oftentimes have serious behavioral problems. They wander, they may sometimes become violent, they get scared.

The option a lot of times is antipsychotic drugs, which basically sort of zombify people. They have good data now using cannabis for that. So there's all these different things that are coming about. And to your point earlier, we're behind on this. Israel's probably the world leader on this.

Obviously, other countries, the Netherlands, they've been doing a lot of research for some time because they've had such wide use. But we're starting to see the benefits, I think of it in ways that we had not seen before. And it's not just an alternative for some of these conditions. For some people, it's the only thing that really works. And we have a really arbitrary hierarchy with what's right or wrong.

Dax Shepard
To take antidepressant, an SSRI inhibitor designed in a lab, is somehow preferable to marijuana. And I'm not team marijuana. I also think it gets a little nauseating. All the nature cures all. But it is just interesting to look at.

Monica Padman
Why do we think it was illegal. In the first place coming out of prohibition? I think, frankly, just culturally, they needed another target. And I'm saying this in part because when you look at the history of that timeframe and you look at the data around cannabis, it wasn't that they said, this is problematic. What they said was, we don't have enough data to actually render a decision one way or the other.

Sanjay Gupta
So let's just classify it. Schedule it, in this case, as a schedule one substance. It also correlated nicely with all the government's known nuisances. So your beat poets, black folks, I was gonna say racist hippies, anti war movements. Oh, they're really sawing something out there.

Dax Shepard
I sounded like a scream or something. It's like, I hate cats. I was like, Sanjay has a weird ring on his phone. You notice that I keep going back and forth between marijuana and cannabis, but marijuana itself is considered a pejorative term that was designed to sort of diminish it even further. Or devil's cabbage.

Monica Padman
Yes, exactly the well known phrase. But cannabis as a actual scientific term is what scientists will often refer to it as, because they think of it as a compound that can be medicinal. A rebrand. A rebrand, yes, of course. We called it weed for the documentary.

Sanjay Gupta
So I don't think we were doing anybody any favors. You should have just called it grass. So I'm conflicted. I kind of have to force myself to look at it in a harm reduction way, because I think people are going to use stuff. I also think there's kind of some pandemic anxiety.

Dax Shepard
I think it overindexes in some groups, and it really pairs up nicely with groups that are inheriting a lot of generational trauma. So I think it's really useful. And also, I don't think people should be dodging reality at all times with external substances. So I'm conflicted. I don't think it's an overall great arc for everyone to be medicated on cannabis.

So it takes a very, very precise and nuanced evaluation of it. I agree with you on that. We run the risk of creating the same problem of over medicalizing like we have with pharmaceuticals. I will say this, though, after ten years of really looking into this, we all carry these cb one and cb two receptors in our bodies. The cannabinoid.

Sanjay Gupta
Yeah, the cannabinoid receptors, hard ones, a lot of syllables. You have it in your brain, you have it in your gut. People who have inflammatory bowel disease, for example, will sometimes find tremendous relief with cannabis. I think as a species, we cohabitated and co evolved with this plant. So for most of our existence, we probably had constant activation of these receptors in our bodies.

Over time, we started to lose that, especially as the substance became increasingly maligned. So the idea that you would stimulate, what are natural receptors in your body, as humans did for most of our existence, I don't know what that means overall, but I think it's interesting. So to your question, are we over medicalizing, or are we actually creating a homeostasis in our bodies that did exist? If you talk to folks in Israel who, again, have been doing this sort of work for a long time, and you ask them a simple question, how does this work? Cannabis, why would it relieve pain?

An opioid, we know why it relieves pain. Targets these mu receptors, things like that. Blocks receptors. Yes. Here, the idea that you create a homeostasis and you allow the body to sort of heal itself in some ways, I think is interesting.

The body sleeps better, it experiences less pain, it experiences less mood abnormalities, whatever it might be. He likened it to sort of a flywheel. You know, on a flywheel, you get it going, and then it pretty much goes, you know, you give it a little tap every now and then, but it's gonna go, could cannabis sort of be doing that for our bodies. That's what they think. Like creating a positive inertia by stimulating.

Receptors that we all have in our bodies. These receptors exist for what we do. Create a compound in our body known as anandamide, which is probably the closest thing to cannabis that stimulates these receptors, but we only make a certain amount of that. And so the idea that you'd need to supplement as you get older because you make less of it, it's like anything else. Could you think of this like another hormone?

Almost. I supplement my hormones. Do you? Well, yes. I'm open to criticism.

Dax Shepard
No, but, yeah, testosterone. Did you get your levels checked and then. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. And then I adjusted them. They were low.

They were low. They were low, yeah. And specifically, my free testosterone was really low. Not my overall was moderately low, but my available testosterone was quite low. And I started taking six years ago and absolutely love it.

What did you experience most significantly? And this podcast is bizarrely a product of it. I had had a movie, came out, didn't open well, I was in maybe like a three or four month kind of depression over that, a reevaluation. What am I doing? And I was mostly focused on, I think I'm done.

I think I'm gonna retire. I think this was a fun ride, and I think I'm going to. I don't know. All right, I'll do something. Went on testosterone, and within six months of that, I was on fire to work.

I was way more engaged with my hobbies. If you understand testosterone, you read a lot about it. It is so associated with maleness in the male hormone, but of course, women have it, too. But mostly it's the get up and go do the thing that will get you status hormone is what it really is. So that could be aggression.

If you're in a very aggressive of society where status is determined by aggression, if it were a status derived from philanthropy, you'd become the most philanthropic person. So it is the hormone that makes you chase whatever thing. So, for me, it brought me back to maybe my 30 year old appetite for my hobbies and work. Wow. And then additionally, yeah, I put on more muscle mass.

I burn fat more. I love it. Were there any downsides? Yeah, initially, and I think I was interviewing Andrew Huberman, and he made a suggestion. So, yeah, there's some pretty predictable side effects.

You can get water retention. I had that a lot. I didn't have any skin stuff that you can have, and he basically just said, split your dose and just do it more often. So you're not getting these peaks and valleys of it. If you can kind of just stabilize it, you actually won't have any of those side effects.

And I changed to that a few years ago. And, yeah, now I would have no idea. There's zero side effects. Over time, your testicles get smaller. Cause they're not producing testosterone anymore.

So if I was very vain about my testicle size, maybe I would. I would call that a big. You could tell the gym who's using. Testosterone, just check everyone's testicles. Are you anti or four?

Sanjay Gupta
Well, I just had my levels checked and they were normal, but my dhea level was a little low. You probably had that checked as well. Yeah, I supplement. And it's interesting, the reason I had it checked was mostly for my brain. Is this a result of doing your Alzheimer's piece?

Yeah, I went through an entire preventive. Neurology visit in Boca Raton. Yeah, Richard Isaacson is the guy who did this. And I gotta tell you, even as a brain guy myself, it was super fascinating. I think what really jumped out at me is, first of all, because there's not a biomarker for brain health.

I think if you look at heart health, you can say cholesterol, blood pressure, calcium score, ejection fraction, all these things. With brain health, the joke goes, if you ask ten neurologists to define a healthy brain, you'll get eleven answers. You know, oh, boy, that's a very good joke. It's also scary, I know, because people don't really know. But the idea that we now are very comfortable saying we can prevent, predict and treat heart disease, and that came about over the last 60, 70 years, we're sort of getting to that point with brain health now, where, even though we can't say, here is the test that definitively says whether your brain health is good or bad, we know that we can predict, prevent and treat brain problems.

And one of the things that Richard really pointed out to me was a simple equation of, like, doing a Dexa scan of your body and seeing how much bone, how much muscle and how much fat you have in your body and where that stuff is located is highly predictive of future dementia. Oh, wow. And so someone like me, I work out every day, but I do not put on a lot of muscle. And one of the most challenging things for me is to put on skeletal muscle. So your core, you would get to the point where a preventative neurologist would say, in order for your brain health, you need to put on more muscle.

Part of it might be supplementing with DHEA in my case. Another thing might be is I do a lot of hikes with my dogs, and now I always wear a rucksack when I do that. There you go. A rucksack leading to brain health. That's not what I would have expected.

Dax Shepard
No. Well, have you read outlive? Yes. And he's big on that. Yes, it's everything.

And so I read that book. I guess I'm almost all in on it. Am I right in that this is a bit of a paradigm shift where we weren't looking at the brain, the result of your metabolic health. Right. We were kind of looking at it and going like, oh, there's this blood brain barrier, and it's its own thing, and maybe what you eat, you know, like, we love to think of it as so separated.

We always have. There's your brain, and then there's almost the rest of your body, and it's got a barrier between it and the rest. We failed to recognize how a part of a system it is and that really, your metabolic health is the greatest predictor of your mental health and your. Brain health, the most evidence behind brain health, is exactly that. How long has this been?

And to me, that felt like, oh, my God, what a revelation. I'm only, like, a year and a half into thinking that way. When I started my neurosurgery training, I finished in 2000. Even at that time, the idea that you could create new brain cells, that was sort of considered very fringe thinking. We learned in biology when we went to college that the brain cells didn't go through mitosis.

There were somatic cells, and then there were these gray cells that never went through mitosis. And maybe that's not true. We can create new brain cells throughout our entire lives. Wow. I think I'm learning that this minute still.

Sanjay Gupta
Oh, wow. This is huge. This idea of neurogenesis. It's a relatively new construct, but I think that it's pretty widely accepted. We started to see this in animal studies initially, started to see it only in certain areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory, short term memory, at least.

And I think part of the issue was we didn't ever look at the healthy brain. We only looked at the brain when there was a problem, when there's a tumor, when there's trauma, something like that. And we knew brains, they had a fair amount of plasticity, so they could sort of recreate pathways. But the idea that you could actually create new brain cells is still a relatively new way of thinking about this. One of the most evidence proven ways to do that was through physical activity.

Monica Padman
Whoa. It was even a specific kind of physical activity. This was interesting because when you work out really intensely, you can create a lot of what is called BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor. That's like the miracle growth. It's so sexy when you say these words, BDNF.

Dax Shepard
Roll right off the tongue. You guys like this stuff? We do. I know. That's why I like talking to you guys.

We're brain pervs.

Monica Padman
Okay. BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor. Kind of like miracle growth for the brain. You can't eat it. You can't inject it.

Sanjay Gupta
You have to make it. The best way to make it is through activity. Now, here's the thing. Interesting little nuance is that when you're intensely active, you're also making a lot of cortisol. The cortisol can be a bit inhibitory to the BDNF, as was explained to me.

So. So the best type of activity for your brain is probably brisk activity without creating too much cortisol. So blasts of short duration. Short duration, or just even longer duration, but less intense. Brisk walking, for example.

Dax Shepard
Okay. Everything I'm reading now is like, you should really be building in some really elevated heart rate blasts within there to increase your max vo. Very important for overall metabolic health, very important for heart disease. There's some nuances with the brain. That's what's sort of interesting.

Sanjay Gupta
I think the general thinking was, what's good for the heart's good for the brain, and as a general rule, I think that's right. But when it comes to activity, brisker activity versus intense might be better for the brain. The way we eat, you know, everyone knows sugar is bad for you. When your body consumes too much energy in the form of sugar, your body will store it. That's considered very evolutionary.

When the brain sees too much sugar, the receptors are much more narrow, so they'll accept a certain amount of blood glucose, and after that, they'll just sort of turn off. So you could be stuffing your body and starving your brain at the same time, which I think is really interesting. Like, it's protecting itself. It's protecting itself from a very high blood sugar. There's these little things about the brain that we're learning that are different on some level.

Dax Shepard
It's really intuitive, like, when you just think of your heart and your cardiovascular system is a hydraulic system with fluid running through it and you think of increasing the pressure at times and really forcing all of that fluid to move and circulate. There's something very intuitive about that, preventing buildup and blockage and all these things. It's interesting that you don't just intuitively apply that to your brain, too, I guess, because the way it's been positioned, as this other thing that's not hooked to the rest of everything, it's always. Been seen as something different. But this amyloid buildup that Alzheimer's patients seem to exhibit in fMRI scans, could we think of that amyloid as similar to any other kind of plaque you'd be building up in your cardiovascular system?

Sanjay Gupta
It appears to be a remnant of something. So to the extent that cornelia coronary artery plaques, for example, are reflective or remnants of cardiac disease, I think there's a similarity. What is different here is that there are people who have a lot of amyloid plaque in their brain and have no symptoms. Oh, if you had a lot of plaque to the point of blockages, for example, in your coronary, you're most likely going to have symptoms. Unless you've developed so many ancillary blood flow workarounds.

Exactly. So we don't know. Still, if you have a lot of plaque and don't have symptoms. I think that suggested that plaque is not the whole story here. Maybe it's part of the story.

And so many of the drugs that were worked on for a long time were just designed to get rid of plaque. God, it's so hard to know. Right? Is plaque a symptom of an underlying thing? That's really what we need to attack?

Some people have suggested it might even be associated with brain infections. So the plaque actually helped prevent or protect the brain against infections earlier in life? Maybe, yeah, maybe corridor off an infection or Saran. Yeah, something like that. Or pathogen.

Right. Whatever it might be, or it's just some sort of remnant of something that happened in the brain, it could be an indication of the aftermath of something as opposed to being predictive. And even when you took away the plaque, like, they have these great drugs, these monoclonal antibodies, which are good at reducing the amount of plaque, but it doesn't equal no interesting 27% sort of slowing of cognitive decline, which is better than what we've seen before. And what Isaacson and these other preventive neurologists, and there's not many of them in the country, they believe that probably 40% to 50% of all dementias are preventable. What?

Dax Shepard
Stay tuned for more armchair expertise, if you dare. We are supported by Ziprecruiter. Are there some fantastic concerts coming to your city this summer? Mine too. In fact, Anderson Pack's playing at the Hollywood Bowl.

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Monica Padman
I have therapy on Saturday. I'm really looking forward to it. I had therapy this morning. Yeah, you did. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
And it put me in the greatest mood. We had a long, big day, and I just felt much better for having. Not to out you. You were a little grumpy going in. I was.

I was. I was to be received some texts. Yeah. I was locked out of my therapy setting, which is this attic. But then you felt much better after?

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That's betterhelph. H dash e dash p.com Dax.

Okay, so we are into your special that's coming up. The last Alzheimer's patient. Yes. What happened when you went? What was the whole thing?

Sanjay Gupta
I gotta tell you, it was a bit scary. You guys should do it. I watched it. You should do a podcast. I am scared you won't even do.

Dax Shepard
The brain scan, or rather, the body scan. I did the full body scan recently, and Monica's like, I don't think I wanna know. My grandpa just died, and he had dementia, and so I am hyper aware that I might get it. If I can prevent it, I want to. Yeah.

Sanjay Gupta
And I think, again, up until recently, there wasn't the belief that you could. Just like we thought about heart disease 60, 70 years ago. Either you're gonna get it or you're not. There's not much you can do. That's how we thought about the brain.

There's a lot you can do. I think. What is interesting, when I went for it, the variety of testing. So I did do a sort of poor man's Dexa scan to get an idea of how much visceral fat. But I also went through very sophisticated cognitive testing.

So to give you an example of a few of the things, draw a three dimensional cube right now. Draw a clock that says the time is 1110. I'm gonna give you 30 words to remember now. And in five minutes, I'm gonna ask you to repeat as many of those as you can. Can I tell you something shallow and terrible about myself?

Dax Shepard
I took such pleasure in watching you get some of those questions wrong, like you're working on a little iPad and you're hitting these buttons, and sometimes there's a red axe. And I'm like, oh, I'm so glad. I know. It's Sanjay's anxious. Well, I was definitely anxious.

Sanjay Gupta
I get nervous. I'm a nervous Nellie. I'm a nervous test. I was comforted that you don't get every question right on every test you take. It was nice connections.

I'm nervous now. No, I get nervous before everything. Do you guys get nervous? Yeah, I do. You don't get nervous.

Dax Shepard
It's context dependent, for sure. When I interviewed David Letterman, my idol of my whole childhood, yeah, I'm nervous. Because you're afraid you might not leave a good impression. The value I have placed on what his approval would mean to me is such heightened stakes that I can't help. But you want him to like that.

Want that so bad. He is a father in that way. Here's somebody I've worshipped. If he even alludes to the fact that I'm doing a good job or I'm all right, that's gonna be incredible. That's really sweet, actually.

Yeah. I think we should all. Yeah. Care. Yeah.

Sanjay Gupta
I mean, the fact that you pointed out that I got those questions wrong is gonna haunt me now for the entire playwright album. It made me know you weren't really nitpicking on that edit, because if you were looking over, you show the ones I got. No, but here's a little insight that I learned about myself with this cognitive testing. So the words, you got 30 words. Now, it's not just how many words you remember, it's how quickly you remember them.

And which of the words did you remember? Did you gravitate away from certain words? I gravitated away from words with B's and D's in them. Whoa. I never realized this about myself.

And first thing Richard asks me when he sees me, he goes, do you count on your fingers? And I said, yeah, I've always counted on my fingers. I do this, he goes, anyone ever tell you that you probably have dyslexia? What? I'm about to be 55 years old.

No one's ever told me this. Welcome to the club. Do you do this? Do you do B's and D's? Hardcore disorder.

Really? Oh, you didn't learn to read till fifth grade? Interesting. So you knew that early on. I did.

You developed strategies, presumably, to address it. I don't wanna get distracted by my story, but I don't think so I think one day it's like you just, honestly, you consume, you consume. You're in the dark, you're in the dark, you're in the dark, and then all of a sudden, the overall pattern just emerges and somehow you've now memorized. I don't think I ever learned anything phonetically. I just think over time, I memorized the full shape of every single word, virtually.

Dax Shepard
And, yeah, it just kinda happens. I don't know that any technique I was using in 1984 really was the solution, other than just repetition and an interest in writing, where it flipped the script, where now I'm in charge of creating the words. That was an interesting thing where I wanted to write, so now I was incentivized to learn them, whereas before I wasn't. But it magically happened. I don't know how.

I'm not sure it was from some technique they knew about in the eighties. It would be interesting if you took this test now to see if you've just overcome that. I observe it constantly, though, numbers, you know, I still have lots of jumbling, and my pronunciation's pretty rough, I think. Compared to the b and d thing. That's interesting.

Sanjay Gupta
I still go like this. Wow. I still do this. I'm holding up a b and a d in my hand. I'll just quickly check myself.

Monica Padman
Yeah, you definitely have. Like, which direction should it be pointing the circle? Is that what you're saying? So I got the bat and the ball, and then the opposite of the bat and the ball. Your right hand is a.

Dax Shepard
Look, that's even hard for me to say really quickly. That's a D. That's a D. And your left hand makes a B. Audience, if you put your first finger and your thumb together and the remaining three fingers up in the air, that's what we're talking about.

Monica Padman
Yeah. By the way, it works well at dinner parties, too, because bread, drinks. Oh, I like that. Life built around. This is the first I've ever seen.

Sanjay Gupta
Is that my bread or is that the guy next to his bread? Now you know. But what I would argue why, I'm quick to agree with this very light diagnosis of dyslexia for you. When I got labeled dyslexic at UCLA, when I had to go back and get rendered, you know, to get extra time on tests and stuff, you have to go through a very long eight week evaluation thing. And once I did that, it was very comprehensive and very obvious.

Dax Shepard
One other element I would say supports this diagnosis is, I think, in place of being able to get information from the written word, you develop a very, very, very good memory for auditory stuff. Your recall for words becomes really strong and your ability to consume and digest and hold on to information you've heard gets very high. And I think you have that. That seems very clear to me that you have that. I think so.

Sanjay Gupta
I think my enunciation is good. I'm older than you are, but once I started typing, I think it obviated a lot of the problem as well because I just knew where B and D was on the keyboard. Yeah. And I didn't have to think about it each time. But I don't write free style very much at all.

Dax Shepard
Okay. Do you? Yeah. Every morning I write with my left hand. You don't find it challenging?

I do. I hate it. But I have to journal. It's like my commitment but free writing. As opposed to just typing correct.

Sanjay Gupta
It's probably a very good exercise. It probably is, yeah. And I've been doing it for 20 years. It's probably helped with spelling and all of this StUff. It is.

I've become such a technophile with that because now I got everything set to the maximum parameters. It'll fill in the words for me, it'll fix the spellings for me right away. So it's one step short of just thinking it and having it. Right. Which is next, I think.

Dax Shepard
Yes. Very close. Okay. So when you did this barrage of tests, you discovered perhaps you're dyslexic. That's an interesting outcome.

And then what other things? Because if I were you, I would go into it Pretty OpTimistIc. You've lived a very healthy Life and you exercise a lot. Yeah. If you think of our Healthcare system as a sick care system, which I think it is, in that case, I'm doing pretty well because I'm not siCk.

Sanjay Gupta
95% of doctors would probably look at all my results and say, you're fine. There's nothing to do here. But I think in the spirit of prevention, to the extent that it's reasonable, you know, you're not going to go crazy in terms of costs. But there were several places that I could be optimized. I eat very healthy, but my omega three to my omega six ratio is not very good.

In points in my life have taken fish oil, but then have become less sort of enthralled by the data, less compelled by it. I know this supplements is like, you have to flip that ratio, the omega three to omega six ratio, and here's the data to show you why that's going to be beneficial. Dhea wearing a rucksack. There's another thing. The longest nerves in your body are the ones that go to your feet.

Most people do not pay any attention to their feet and how their feet move. You wear shoes. I got these shoes on, which, by the way, my daughter helped design these shoes. What did she do? They're wear hands on.

They're from here in LA, George Esquivel. So he suggested toe spacers for me. Wear toe spacers ten minutes a day, which really help activate these nerves, the longest nerves in your body that go to your feet. So these are not expensive things to do. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
You could cram toilet paper in there if you had to in a pinch. And the thing is that we wouldn't be doing the documentary unless there was data behind these recommendations. These aren't these huge, placebo controlled, randomized, decades long study. It's very hard to do those, but I think the data is getting really good in terms of what we can do to prevent dementia. So my grandfather had.

Sanjay Gupta
It kind of feels like you're wearing it around your neck your whole life. Yeah, exactly. I tested genetically for it. There's apoe three or apoe four. You should probably get that done.

Dax Shepard
I know that's a big attachment. He's obsessed with that. It's good to know. I mean, some people don't want to know. Right.

Sanjay Gupta
And I think the reason they didn't want to know was because the second part of that question was, what do I do about it? And now I think there's something you can do about it, and that's a lot of what we wanted to show. Lifestyle changes can make a difference. Can you quickly tell me? So, yeah.

Dax Shepard
The grandmother on Bennett street off of Merriman. Alzheimer's, young age, who's a teacher at Stevenson. Yes. What is the difference between Alzheimer's and dementia? Alzheimer's is a type of dementia.

So you could get dementia, but it not be all correct. There's Lewy body dementia. That was something that Robin Williams had. There is frontal temporal dementia, which is what I think Bruce Willis is dealing with. Okay.

Sanjay Gupta
Where he's lost his ability to speak, so it can present in different ways. Ted Turner has lewy body dementia. So Alzheimer's the most common. But there are other types. There's many.

Dax Shepard
In the doc, I learned 6.9 million Americans have Alzheimer's. Yeah. That's a tremendous amount of people expected. To double by the year 2050 because. Of the aging population right now, because.

Sanjay Gupta
We'Re aging, because we're on a collision core. Something new in the water okay? Yeah. They expect 150 million people around the world to have it by 2050. It's gonna be one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that we deal with, which is why I think there's so much interest now in saying, hey, look beyond the meds, which there have been a couple that have been more promising over the last 1415 years.

Dax Shepard
Did you cover this? I just saw something really fascinating, I guess. He is a surgeon by training, but he uses altering ultrasound to stimulate the blood brain barrier so that the people taking that medicine, which generally you have to take it for, like, 30 days to get the full dose. You can get the full dose because it opens up the blood brain barrier for a couple hours. Yeah.

Sanjay Gupta
You're talking about focused ultrasound. Neal Cassell, is that who rings a bell? He's a neurosurgeon, and he runs the focus ultrasound foundation. I've been very interested in this. They use it initially to try and do to the brain what deep brain stimulation would do except without an operation.

You're just using sound waves, and then just like you said, they were using it to basically disrupt for a period of time, the blood brain barrier, which might allow medicines in, and, according to Neil, might also let some plaque out. Interesting. So it could have sort of a dual benefit for all types of. I mean, this is where it's getting crazy. Sci-fi yeah.

Dax Shepard
This guy's shooting an invisible sound wave. It's opening up this invisible barrier. A bunch of menace, because, I mean, it's kind of crazy. It's wild, but it's very effective for things like essential tremor and even Parkinson's. Yes.

Oh, my God. That was the thing I watched. Maybe there was a 60 minutes on this guy. There may have been. There was a man that came in that had tremors so bad, Monica, he couldn't fill out the paperwork.

They could barely get the head ring on him to put him inside of the MRI machine. MRI because he has to be held perfectly still so he can hit the exact region of the brain. This guy is so overcome with these tremors, he can't do anything. Couldn't lift a glass of water. Up goes into the machine, they take the ring off him, and he starts crying.

He looks at his hands, and they're completely still. It's amazing how quickly that works. I'm like. I mean, that was one of the most powerful things I've ever. You find these areas of the brain, and with Parkinson's or with essential tremor, which is what I think that patient had.

Sanjay Gupta
You're basically overstimulating certain pathways. So, you know, you imagine, like, if you try and hold your hand really tight, you'll start to tremor. So you're basically loosening that up. We've done that with heat, done that with electricity, deep brain stimulation. And now they're doing it with sound.

Monica Padman
That is incredible. No incision. Although they do have to shave the hair. Worth it. Worth it.

Sanjay Gupta
Hair goes back. So, in the Alzheimer's, doc, you go to eight different states. You go coast to coast. I was curious, how does treatment and outcomes differ around the country? Let me ask this first.

Dax Shepard
Are there areas that over index and under index in Alzheimer's? Regionally, it's very associated with age, not obesity. Age is the biggest predictor right now. It's a good question about obesity. Again, Isaacson.

If it's a metabolic condition at some. Level, there's clearly a relationship. Age is still the biggest predictor, but there's no question that maybe later in life, people who have metabolic dysfunction are going to be more likely to develop it. And he would even take it a step further to say that if you have metabolic issues specifically, that's going to be more associated with memory problems, whereas other things might be more associated with judgment, other things might be more associated with processing speed. So memory is what everyone pays attention to, but you can start to get slower at processing.

Yeah. I'd rather have my prefrontal cortex banging than my hippocampus. Forget your name. But I can still think in executive function. Get rid of my memories if it's an either or.

Monica Padman
I'd rather, though, if you can't remember anything because you can't go to the. Store or manage your life without the prefrontal cortex working. But I could sit around and regale the past and then not be able to do anything. Daughters and stuff, it's more than just don't bring that. It's always a trump card.

Dax Shepard
People hit me with that in the sunscreen debate or my motor sports. They always trump me with the daughters. Yeah, well, you know, I wanted to target my amygdala. That's what I really want. Just get that fuck.

If we got to throw one over the boat, let's get rid of that. Your amygdala's good. I think mine's in its constant state of flight. Or flight. You got a good emotional thermostat.

I feel like, over time, we've gotten better at regulating it, but I think it's an overactive area of the brain from the past. Okay, so it's mostly just age. So obviously, South Florida's gonna have the highest range. South Florida's the highest. Boca.

Sanjay Gupta
One of the reasons I think he set up shop there is because that is where the patients are not to circumvent this metabolic issue, though. You know, it's funny, one of the things that he recommended and that he did himself was to actually use Manjaro for a while. He's not going to be on it long term, but he said to get his metabolic profile in quick order to. Get it in the ratio, that's optimal. Yes.

There's not data on this yet. There is data using these types of medications for Alzheimer's. And by the way, earmark that, because that's my other big thing I want to talk to you about. Because you're weight loss. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
Yeah. Cause that's the one coming out later this year that I'm excited about. Yeah. But I think age is still the biggest predictor. But there's no question the developed world has higher rates of dementia than other parts of the world.

Sanjay Gupta
A lot of it has to do with how we nourish ourselves. The foods that we're putting in our body, the physical activity, the paucity of. But I think all that leading to these metabolic problems, that's very associated with. That, I have to tell you. So I love the work that that doctor is doing, and I loved watching that.

Dax Shepard
I gotta say, I was a. There's a woman in this doc, chi Chi, and what's really great about her is you interviewed her five years before. It's a really nice comp for herself. We get to actually see her five years later, having gone through this very specific. And then this differs from the other doctor that you did all the scans, but this woman who's showing some early signs of Alzheimer's, when you first meet her, she goes all in on this program that is a vegan diet.

It's half hour to an hour of exercise a day and 1 hour of meditation a day. And you interview her five years later, and she is seemingly, at least from the edit, not just arrested it, which would have been a really great outcome five years ago, but beyond that, probably has improved. Yeah, that was the thing that we really saw, and it was five years. So we did have this real passage of time. When you have Alzheimer's, and you're starting to already show signs of it, five years is significant.

Right. You're expecting to see a pretty big decline in five years. That's right. And she had her mom and her grandma, who had both gone through this. Obviously, everyone's different, but you had some sense of how quickly they could decline, and they declined very, very fast.

Sanjay Gupta
She went on this program the first 20 weeks. She was essentially on a placebo, so she wasn't really on the program, and she objectively worsened. What do we mean by objectively? Worse. So it was all these cognitive tests that we're talking about.

It was pretty sophisticated cognitive testing. So you're looking at recall, you're looking at executive functioning, you're looking at processing speed, all this stuff. There's four tests. And three of the four, she got worse on the next 20 weeks, five months, she was on the program, which is exactly how you described it, Dax, and she improved. So what is interesting is that from her life standpoint, she was no longer able to go out on a walk on her own, for example, five years ago, they just wouldn't let her do that.

She'd constantly get lost. And now she goes out on walks every day by herself. I spent time with her entire extended family. She knew everybody's name. She remembered their story.

She was talking about things from their past. She wouldn't go to parties anymore because she would not be able to engage with people. And now she's going and doing social gatherings again. I'm triggered by the vegan part of it. It's a lot to ask of people.

Dax Shepard
And there's just a religiosity surrounding veganism. And I was vegan for a year. So let me just say, I've been. Down that Dean Ornish, who's the guy that sort of oversaw this for cheat. Sheet, he started as a coronary guy.

Sanjay Gupta
He started as a coronary guy. He's the first guy, I think, to get a FDA approved program for reversing heart disease in the country. And now he's focused his attention on the brain, and so many of the strategies are the same. Can you use some of the strategies to reverse heart disease, like we were talking about for the brain? And let's just say you did it intensively, just for proof of concept, can you actually see an objective benefit?

And I think what he has shown is, yes, you can. Now, can everyone do this? Probably not. You acknowledge that many members of the same program did not experience either an arresting of the condition and or an improvement. So what statistically are we looking at?

If you really looked at the people who stuck with the program consistently and did the highest dose of it, if you want to call it that, they had the most improvement. It didn't help everybody, but it seemed to be less likely to help people who didn't have the higher dose. This is why AA is hard to evaluate. I was literally just about to say. That there's 55 things you're supposed to do, right.

Dax Shepard
You go to meetings. Well, how many meetings you go to work these twelve steps. You work with a sponsor. Do you sponsor somebody? What is the actual.

Monica Padman
The more engaged you are in all of those things? Yeah. The more likely you are to be sober, for sure. Yes. It's just the dosage is hard to evaluate.

Sanjay Gupta
But I also think, going back to the basic conceit that, look, it doesn't make a difference. Your brain is your brain. It's just gonna have this trajectory in life. You're gonna drain the cache of neurons as you get older. If you do, certain things may drain it faster.

I think what these studies show is that that's not necessarily the case. And if you're really, really serious about it, like, I don't want to get dementia. My grandfather had it. I saw what it did to him. My grandfather and I were really close.

Then all of a sudden, he was the guy telling jokes that nobody else was in on. And it was really heartbreaking to watch. I don't want that to happen to me. Nobody wants it to happen to them. I at least know in my back pocket now if I want to be really serious about this.

Our bodies are so dynamic that within five months, I could change my body intensively so that I would dramatically reduce the chances that I get it. And again, if you want to put a number on it, four to five out of ten people, 40% to 50%, can probably prevent their diagnosis of dementia later in life. Not everybody, but those are pretty good odds. They're damn good odds compared to anything else. Let me ask you this.

Dax Shepard
This is kind of a global question about your job, which is you're endlessly investigating these very specific topics, and you go all in on them and you learn everything. And you must be inclined, after each one, to fully commit to whatever that thing was. Right. And is there space in time, and how do you prioritize? I'd imagine you start picking up all these obsessions along the way.

It would be hard not to. That's a really good point. And you meet such compelling people. They're so passionate, and they're almost proselytizing their particular research. So I do end up adopting a lot of things.

Sanjay Gupta
I'm adopting a lot of the things I learned from this document. It sounds like it. Then it made me wonder, have you adopted previously? Yes. It was funny.

I was just looking at. In 22 years now, I've done 56 documentaries. Wow. Fuck 56. Yeah.

Documentary specials. And I think all of them have influenced me in some way. I've also made really good friends with a lot of these researchers and scientists, people who I touch base with quite regularly about life and how their research is going. That's the gift of your job. That's the exact same gift of our job.

Dax Shepard
To regularly meet people who have dedicated themselves to something and pursued it with such passion, it's such a contagious thing to be around. That's the hidden gift of it. And you get to learn the why behind the what as podcasters. The what anybody can get, but the why. Like, why is someone narcissistic?

Sanjay Gupta
I heard it. Oh, you heard? You heard. Okay. I'm so excited.

Yeah. Why does someone have good anxiety? I think people assume that what they dedicated themselves to was objectively interesting, but I would argue nothing's objectively interesting. Your interests are informed by some other thing, likely from childhood. So I think I'm most interested in, like, what salve are they trying to put on themselves through learning about this and hoping to have some sense of control over this domain?

Dax Shepard
That fascinates me greatly. Why is this subject comforting to you? I do find great joy in just pursuing knowledge, even if it doesn't have a tangible impact on my life. I don't know if this is the case for you guys, but a lot of times you get so immersed in something, and then I want to talk about it a lot. My wife is you, and I need to, like, cohabitate with our wives so that they can get a fucking break.

Sanjay Gupta
Right, exactly. Any episode we do, I have to then pretty much say everything that happened to her later that day. Yeah, because you learn so much, and the gift is to share it, even non documentary, I go cover a conflict or natural disaster. Everybody you meet is fascinating. And these people, they've been just subjected to just these unspeakable things, and then they rose up and they did amazing things.

But you also realize, to some extent, you can't convey that. I can't expect people to fully understand what you've experienced somewhere else. Like, even with your guests, you get it across this podcast, but our interactions, the chemical. The chemical thing. Yeah, yeah.

Dax Shepard
You get into that spooky zone we don't understand yet. Like, whatever's triggering mirror neurons, whatever's happening pheromonally, all this stuff that happens with the face to face interaction that we barely understand, and then the characters behind. These amazing developments in our world, we hear about the developments, but the people who actually helped create these things, who they are, what they are, like, what motivated them, what do they get scared by? What makes them nervous? I wonder if we share the overall conclusion of this exploration, which is, it's really two sided.

Part of it is like we're learning so much. But I think a bigger voice in my head, my conclusion after 800 guests is like, we really don't know shit. And all of this is like a really good theory, is about 59% right. I'll have one expert on that is very convincing, and they've got the data, and then I have another expert on. It's got the opposite point of view.

They've got great data. And I go, yeah, almost everything's a spectrum. There's no binary right and wrong. Everything's a complex system. There's so many variables, and this is one component.

And weirdly for me, it's been humbling. We still really are barely grasping it. That thought. Do you have that as well? I do, and it keeps you humble.

Sanjay Gupta
Going back to this probabilistic thing, I think it was Kant who said, in pure reason of man, I think, is that the critique of man? 17 hundreds? And he said something along the lines of his greatest fear for society was the false confidence bred from an ignorance that we live in a probabilistic world, that people want to see black and white, where they should see gray. And I think that that's really interesting. I think medicine and public health and those things, people often think of those as hard sciences.

They're not really hard sciences. Two plus two doesn't always equal four. For some people, that makes them more dogmatic. For some people, it makes them more humble. I think just my nature's probably to come down more on the humility side of things.

But I do think, you ask me, what did I do differently based on all that I learned from the Alzheimer's documentary when I took all these conclusions and I looked at all the data and I heard all the anecdotal stories, and I talked to the scientists and I visited with people. Here's my judgment now in terms of how I'm going to apply those things to my life. It's kind of what we do in medicine all the time. Someone comes into my clinic with a brain tumor, and I saying, well, here's the data on a right frontal meningioma. Here's what happens.

Here's what happens if you do nothing. Here's radiosurgery, here's open surgery. All that. And at the end, the question is always sort of the same, which is, what if it were you? What if it were your mom?

What if it were your daughter? Wife. Which I think is a very fair question. I know daughters. You and I both have dogs.

Yours are eleven and nine. Fuck, you're good. You are not getting dementia. You've had a lot of great recall. You're wasting money on the Dhea.

I don't get muscles like you. Well, I'll get you on the whole protocol. Okay, last thought on that. And then I want to get into weight loss, which I assume you're currently working on. Or you're not done with that.

Not quite. We're getting close. What did you say right before the applied? Oh, I've been dying for someone to tell me this. And you are the perfect person.

Dax Shepard
I saw a special. It had to be ten years ago on 60 minutes, and it was the most novel approach to brain tumors. And it was. They would go in and inject your tumor with a known pathogen. I think even in this case, it was like herpes.

Sanjay Gupta
Yeah, it was a virus. Exactly. So that your body would read the tumor as a pathogen and deploy its own immune system. And they were showing these tumors just dissolve in days. Wow.

Yeah. I was like, thank God. It. Why do we still have tumors? What's going on with that?

That was actually out of Los Angeles. A guy named Keith Black, who was at UCLA, now at Cedars. You do not have dementia. Continue. He just pulled that.

Dax Shepard
Yeah. He's like almost bragging that he does. No, no, look, this is my. That is my world, you know? So I gotta know that stuff.

Sanjay Gupta
So that's kind of an immunotherapy. You're basically harnessing your own immune system. You're putting a big flag, in this case on the tumor, because the tumor. Has an invisibility cloak around it. Right.

Dax Shepard
Your body, for some reason, cannot see that. That's not supposed to be there. That's exactly right. Tumors, people often think of them as quickly growing cells, and they are, but their real trait, probably, is that they don't die normally. All of our cells are constantly dying.

Sanjay Gupta
They slough off, they die. We make new cells. Tumor cells are immortal. Wow. So they've essentially cloaked themselves from the immune system.

So what the virus does is. Puts a big red flag on it, says, everybody over here, these are the abnormal cells. Take care of them. And with immunotherapy, you're not necessarily killing them, you're telling them to die normally. Just behave yourself.

Stop growing out of control like you are. And that's really what a lot of these immunotherapies do. There's other immunotherapies that have come out since the viral therapies. Jimmy Carter had metastatic melanoma to his, which was a death sentence. Even when I finished medical school, he used an immunotherapy.

I think it was keytruda. And basically it was the same thing, just teaching his immune system to fight those melanoma cells and tell the melanoma cells to behave themselves. You know, he's in hospital, still alive, but his melanoma is essentially in remission as a result of that. Okay, so you don't have to inject it anymore with herpes or syphilis. There's always concerns about using viruses, especially in someone who may have a weakened immune system already, but they had somehow.

Dax Shepard
Crispred it or they had gene spliced out. The negative part. Yeah. So it wasn't as pathogenic, but it has evolved into these pretty spectacular immunotherapies. Incredible.

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I bought a kitchenaid mixer mixer on Wayfair. You can really get anything on there, and I'm helping a friend redo his living room, and we just. You're just on way for non stop? Yep. Yeah.

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Okay. You're doing a weight loss one, and this is perfect timing, because obviously, ozempic and marjorieno and all these a one c medicines are becoming very prevalent. People certainly know people in their life. We've talked about it a lot. It's very interesting to see the reaction of people to these drugs.

I'm very disappointed with people that are so judgmental of others who use this drug. I think it's really interesting that you would not want for somebody to lose the weight they've been unable to lose. And I think motivated are like, well, I did it the hard way, and you should eat right, and you should work out. I can recognize, like, I'm capable of doing those things. A, I have a great schedule.

I'm super privileged. I have money. I have so much shit stacked for me in this case. I know so many people, not the case. If they could get what I have, I want them to have it.

I think people need to check themselves, but maybe I'm wrong. I'd love to hear your opinion on these drugs. I'm pretty bullish on these medications. I think, first of all, just obesity in and of itself, 42%, I think, of the country has obesity. 42%.

Sanjay Gupta
75% are either overweight or obese in the United States. So that's 130 million human beings. Something like that, yeah. And it's so associated with so many different diseases. I think.

Dax Shepard
Before we even talk about. About the specifics of these drugs, I wanted to ask you, what is the impact of extra weight on your overall health? It's associated with just about every chronic disease you can imagine. So certainly all the metabolic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's, dementia, joint problems, sleep problems, sleep apnea. Is a big one, which elevates your odds of stroke.

Sanjay Gupta
It's really problematic to think about what happens to someone who has uncontrolled obesity. I'm gonna say this gently. Number one threat to Americans, if you were to just look at the numbers. In the United States. You know, heart disease is still the biggest killer, men and women alike, some 600,000 people every year.

I think that it's so correlated with this. There's obviously people who develop heart disease that are not obese, and vice versa. There's tons of exceptions. There's tons of outliers. We're just gonna be talking about, like, the 70% in the middle this whole time.

Yep. So that leads to my second question. Do you think it's uniquely challenging right now for doctors to reconcile the health risks with the body positive movement? And is there a way to be truthful without inducing shame, and should doctors have to temper their advice? I feel like for doctors, they're in a very precarious situation right now.

You know, it's interesting. The AMA American Medical association in 2015 came out and specifically said, we now think of obesity in and of itself as a disease. Okay? And your metabolic fat, your visceral fat, in and of itself, almost as a separate organ system in the body. Body.

That's just this pro inflammatory load in your body. Something that is causing a problem in your body. Now, it may not have caused a problem yet, meaning you may not have even high cholesterol. You may still be getting around okay, your blood pressure may be okay, but almost assuredly, they'd say it's gonna cause a problem at some point in your life. So we're ready to say that obesity, in and of itself is a disease that came around the same time as you saw the body positivity movement really taking off.

And I interviewed Jamila Jamil the other day for my podcast, and she talked a lot about the body neutrality movement. What's that? Accepting your body for what it is. Not necessarily saying we're embracing people's being overweight or obese, but we are being more accepting of where they are in life. Here's my take on it.

Dax Shepard
People yell at me in the comments. It's a very sensitive subject. I definitely understand it, and I'm very compassionate. And there's so many things that contribute to why someone might be wrestling with this that are completely out of their control. But I think.

I think addiction's a very nice comp to it. I grew up in an era where it was just open season on people struggling with obesity. Every movie you saw had fat jokes. Every tv show, it was hostile, it was mean, it was shaming, and it was terrible. And similarly, there was a period where addicts were morally bankrupt degenerates, and we have come to a view of addicts as people suffering from a disease.

Now, the step we don't take with addiction is to say, embrace it. We still must confront this disease. But people should not be shaming or feeling morally superior. But still, the issue needs to be confronted. So I don't know if the whole thing's a pendulum swinging, but somehow there's a spectrum between love your body, no matter what's happening, versus this horrible open season shaming and hostile paradigm.

Where in the middle are we? Where we're like, we're not shaming. It's not your fault. It's the result of these. And now also, how do we help, health wise, in the way we would with addiction?

Sanjay Gupta
I think that's a good metaphor for this. One of the metaphors that was given to me by one of the scientists, sort of similar, but was more focused around depression. Eli Lilly, the makers of Monjaro and Zepbound, they also made antidepressants. And when they first released the antidepressants, they were talking about these meetings. They would have among the executives who basically said, do we really want to get in the business of medicalizing an issue, that people should just pull themselves up by their boots, just get over.

Dax Shepard
It, have a community. We now say that for some people, there is legitimate depression. It's a brain disease, and when you change their neurotransmitters, it doesn't help everybody, but it could be helpful. I think we're sort of at that same place with obesity. There are people who just like you described, if they had access to the gym and free time, they could deal with this in a way that would not require medications.

Sanjay Gupta
But I think spending so much time with these scientists and a lot of patients over the last year working on this doctor, I think there's probably subtypes of obesity, just like there are subtypes of depression, subtypes of addiction. It's not a monolithic disease. Interestingly enough, the medications kind of provide some real insight into that, because what does a GLP drug do? It is what is known as a post nutrient hormone. So when you eat, you release hormones that say, I just ate, I'm full, I'm no longer hungry.

So they provide satiation. They're a satiation hormone. Hormone. Could it be that some people just don't make enough glP, and as a result, they constantly have what is called in the literature now as food chatter? Yes.

Dax Shepard
So many people I know who have taken one of these drugs says just the racket in their brain that nagging voice has been silenced. What a freedom. I don't have that. I mean, I want to eat two pizzas occasionally. You know, I'm indulgent at times, but I don't have the racket.

The racket for me is go get cocaine and let's. So I know that fucking racket, and it's oppressive. This could be helpful to a significant percentage of people, by the way. I know some friends that aren't addicts, but just moderate drinkers who go on these drugs, and they don't even drink anymore. I asked these scientists about this.

Sanjay Gupta
The guy who, by the way, discovered GLP drugs, Jens Holtz. He's a dutch guy. He's in his mid seventies. Rides his bike to the lab every day, still thin as a rail. It's kind of a funny thing.

Novo Nordisk, the company that made Ozempic, 10 zero year old company. For most of their existence, their primary revenue has been insulin. There's only two big insulin makers in the world, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk, which is why when we have insulin shortages and things like that, it's because we don't have a great supply chain. They're putting themselves out of business, in. A sense, robbing Peter to pay Paul.

There was two issues that they had with Ozempic, initially from a Novo Nordis standpoint. One is, we make insulin. We're an insulin company. This is to treat diabetes. Are we kind of shooting ourselves in the foot here?

But the second thing was the same almost philosophical argument that we've had about addiction, that we've had about depression, that we now have about obesity, which is how much of this is the individuals within their own dominion. How much can they control themselves versus needing a medicine? And like you, I struggle with that because I think we already live in a society where we overly medicalize things. But I've really come to the conclusion, talking to patients, that, frankly, they have done the right things. You go grocery shopping with them and look at their grocery cart.

They're eating the right foods. They go to the gym every day, they do whatever they can do, and they still do not lose the weight. In fact, they continue to gain it. I think everybody is different, and there's probably people who don't make enough of this GLP drug. So the fact that this can supplement that hormone, I think is wildly beneficial to them.

Dax Shepard
Yeah. Barring any unforeseen horrific side effects that have yet to materialize, I just don't know why someone wouldn't want that. It does feel a little. It smells too good to be true. When is that shoe gonna drop?

Monica Padman
A little bit? But also, I do wanna be really clear, because obesity feels very scientific. We can talk about that. But then there's just. I don't look exactly the way I want to look.

And that is where this gets complicated, I think, and where people feel like this is a problem, but that's also. Interesting and worth them examining. Why? So I. Because it's societal that we've decided that being rail thin is the perfect look.

Dax Shepard
I agree. But then we quickly go through all the other things we somehow are completely comfortable with. So no one should have incredibly buck crooked teeth. No one's saying there's a moral dilemma about getting braces. That's aesthetic.

There's nothing functional that didn't work about my mouth. So that one we're fine with. We go, yeah, as long as you put some metal on your mouth and there's some pain involved and you kind of earn those straight teeth, we're cool with that. So I think to say we have a blanket objection to altering yourself to comply with societal aesthetic standards. We don't at times.

So the question is, why don't we apply it everywhere? That's interesting. It's worth questioning yourself. I think it also gets at this whole notion of, do we live in a sick care system versus a healthcare system. I'll wait for you to have a disease before I give you something.

Sanjay Gupta
Is that the right approach? And I would ask these questions like, look, let's obviate the cost. Let's just take that off the table, and let's take off the issue of supply chain and shortages off the table. Let's assume you could buy it over the counter. Buy it over the counter.

Cheap, easy to make. Make. What's the problem? And the scientists and the manufacturers that I talked to about this, I think they really struggled with that question, because everyone will say, look, it's approved for who? It's approved for people with the BMI of 30 or higher or 27 or higher with some other medical condition.

Dax Shepard
Which exam is kind of arbitrary. My BMI would be misleading. Your BMI was based on soldiers from Europe 100, 200 years ago, not even women, not even children. So it's a really pretty arbitrary thing. But that's where they sort of landed.

Sanjay Gupta
What about somebody who does want to lose some weight because they think that extra weight is causing a problem for them? Not just vanity, but maybe associated with high cholesterol, hypertension, whatever it might be? They're not obese, but they have these other issues. Is that a problem? I don't think we've fully wrestled with that yet.

We're going to, because these drugs are big. You know, de novo Nordisk is a bigger company now in terms of overall market share than the entire country of Denmark. People are taking these medications. I mean, it's gangbusters. It's like the new Viagra.

Do we have legitimate concerns about long term side effects? We always have to be thinking about that. But I will say, and I learned this, the precursors to Ozempic have actually been around since early two thousands. So maybe about 20 years now. So we've seen people on this message.

So people have been taking him for 20 years. Okay. And we've not seen yet anything significant. Side effects. Side effects are measured because you see a big side effect in a small population people, or you see smaller side effects in a large population of people.

That's what a p value really is getting at. So as more and more people take this, you may see side effects that didn't otherwise declare themselves. But if its underlying aspiration is to treat obesity, which is associated with so many diseases, it could be helpful. All right, now listen, I will contradict myself several times in this next statement, and I recognize it, but I think we are full of contradictions. But I will say, I understand people going, you can't just take a pill to solve everything.

Dax Shepard
On the surface, I agree with that, but I would argue that you've already accepted all of this other stuff that is completely unnatural to us as a species. We're designed to have x amount of access to food and blooming fruits. Well, now we live in a world we were born into, a world where you can walk into 711 and there's a couple hundred million calories available to you. And let's add in, there is a multiple billion dollar food industry that is selling foods to you, and there are visual triggers for you on billboards. So the world itself is conspiring against your evolutionary nature.

And so we're not allowed to introduce some other thing that's not totally natural to combat this other thing that we're stuck with. Right. So to me, it's like you have to imagine this is a little bit maybe leveling the scale of how many things are designed to destroy you, that are big businesses. Monica's got some pushback on. Well, no, no.

Monica Padman
People should do what they want. I don't care. But I really, really don't like when people who are influencing others are on it and then are saying, well, I just run a lot by the way they probably are doing those things. But that isn't what has changed. This is what has changed.

Sanjay Gupta
The drugs. I just want them to be honest about that, because I don't. I don't think it's healthy if you're an influencing person for a young kid to be like, I guess I just gotta run like 20 miles a day and eat like this. It's not working. It's like, no, it's because of this.

Whether or not you're an influencer, the stigma associated with this and the idea that you couldn't somehow just do it yourself is really, really strong. I mean, it's interesting, you know, Oprah has come out and talked about this, and she. She has said that she's taking these medications. She hasn't said which one, but I think it was kind of a big deal for her to say that. On a personal note, I'll tell you that my mom was diagnosed with breast cancer many, many years ago.

Totally different thing. Not obesity, obviously, but she did not want to talk about it for a long time, because somehow, even though it was breast cancer, she blamed herself. And she would say to me, do you think it was the hormones that I took post menopause? Do you think it was the fact that I was an engineer and I was exposed to these things at the Ford Motor company? One of the first female engineers at Ford.

Incredible. The first. The first at Ford. Yes. I'm an engineer at Ford.

Dax Shepard
So cool. What a gangster. I'm actually taking her to go see the Ford folks this summer. Just gonna see Jim Farley. Oh, we had him on.

Did you know him? I did his podcast, and I know that you had him on. I am in love with him. He was wonderful. He is so fun and wonderful.

Sanjay Gupta
He's kind of like his cousin. Is that his cousin? Yeah, that's that vibe. If Chris Farley was a CEO, it would be Jim. Yeah.

So we're really excited about taking mom to see him. She's in her early eighties now. That's really cool. But I think the stigma associated with this was something quite noticeable all over the world. When we talk to people about taking these medications, everyone sort of dealt with that.

Monica Padman
I do have compassion for that. I understand. But I just wish. Cause they're the people who can help remove the stigma. So I wish they would go out on a limb and do, I guess, what Oprah is doing.

I mean, if I could take a injection every day that would make my skin flawless, I would 100% do it. Exactly. But I would say, I'm doing it. When people are like, oh, my God, you have such beautiful skin. I would say this is what I'm doing.

Dax Shepard
Yes, but you and I are in a very lucky position. We also trend high in what we're happy to talk about publicly. I recognize that that is unique to us, and not everyone's comfortable. And also, if you're selling the image like Brad Pitt, you can imagine the appeal of him is like, we have bought into the idea that a God fell down from heaven and landed on earth, and he has this body and he looks like that. And that's part of the fantasy we're buying into.

Monica Padman
But it's also part of the problem. It's part of why everyone's chasing. I'm not denying that that's the problem. What I'm saying is, you can imagine where that person recognizes their appeal. Is this physical attractiveness and the moral high ground of having earned it.

Dax Shepard
They are weighing out the cost benefit of saying, no, I'm actually assisted by this thing. What does that do to people's overall image of me evaluating some kind of cost to that? Whereas you and I, there's no fucking cause. But I agree with you, and I do it, too. I say I'm on testosterone, because if you're 49 and you're working out as much as me, and you're like, why don't I have biceps?

I'm telling you, because you're not on. I don't want to mislead anyone, but I'm in a very healthy position to. Do that a little bit. The side part of this with the weight loss drugs as well, is that they are so expensive and that there's. Been these shortages, it is another kind of income inequality gap that's surfacing.

It's yet another thing elites have. And if somebody who's taking it, who's clearly not, but now looks great, they. Didn'T even need it. They didn't need it. I think that's going to change.

Sanjay Gupta
Kind of like what you're saying about testosterone, where it's going to become more. By the way, these companies had no idea how big this was going to be. If they did, we wouldn't have these shortages. They would have been able to deal with the supply chain. You talk to these guys, and again, going to Copenhagen, they were saying the same thing about obesity that people were saying about depression several decades ago.

Are we going to medicalize what people should be doing for themselves? Let's say what they're saying. Are we going to let people cheat? Because that's the underlying trigger for a lot of people who are judgmental of it, is they're cheating. They've cheated the system.

Dax Shepard
It's enacting the sense of justice we all have very strongly as a social primate. That's right. And along those lines where I thought you were going earlier with all the food, was that the larger problem is the system for a lot of people. It's not to say that there aren't people who are just predisposed to obesity and they've existed. But why do we have so many more obese people today?

Sanjay Gupta
In large part, I think it is because the food choices that they have are just predisposing them to obesity at a very young age. We also have a society that produces epidemic levels of high ace scores and trauma. So my reaction to the high ace score was drugs and alcohol. For many people, it's food. What are we gonna tell those people?

Dax Shepard
Have a different childhood. Right. It's like, if we have these drugs, will we fix the problem? The underlying problem. Exactly.

Monica Padman
Do we even need to? And then we do need to. It's kinda like throwing in the towel on the fact that we have a really terrible food system. Other countries have obesity, but not like one of the wealthiest countries in the world, a country that spends $4 trillion a year on health care and has some of the highest obesity rates. So it's almost like we're creating the problem and then spending a ton of money to try and fix it.

Dax Shepard
But by the way, I think we lost. It's delusional to imagine we're going to change that whole system that is highly profitable and firmly planted. Just in my own anecdotal, I have three teenage daughters now. The way they talk about ultraproof, processed foods, the way that they're much more conscientious about it, I don't know that they're emblematic of everybody, but I think the next generations are gonna be fed up with how much the food system has been allowed to poison, essentially us. Well, ideally, both things are happening in concert.

The younger generations are more health conscious. They're not ending up in this situation. But for the people that are here and are the product of it, I think to deny them that or shame them for that is really a bizarre impulse. I agree. And most of the docs that I've spoken to about that, even non obesity doctors, I think, for the most part, have been much more acquiescent about saying, hey, look, we think that these medications have a real role here.

Sanjay Gupta
And that happened pretty quickly. This is in your piece, I believe, and it's relevant, and it counteracts a little bit what I was saying earlier, which is, I do want to mention that weight and health are not perfectly correlated. So in the love your body sense, I do want to point out as well, there are many people that by all measures are objectively extremely helpful, and they are heavier. I saw a guy the other day, man, I was hiking to the very top of Griffith park. Six mile hike.

Dax Shepard
He was running on the way down, and he was husky. He looked like a heavyweight wrestler. And then on my way down, he was going back up. I couldn't ever run up this hill. This guy's on minimally, his second run up to the top.

And I was like, yeah, so there's that. You can look like that he's in double digits, body percentage, fat. But his health is clearly way beyond mine. So I do think we could decouple a little bit the correlation between body shape and stuff and overall health. I think that's relevant, too.

Sanjay Gupta
I think. So when the AMA said, we're gonna call obesity in and of itself as a disease, there was pushback for that reason. Because what are the objective measures, other than how much somebody weighs? But we gotta look at cholesterol, we gotta look at insulin sensitivity. There are markers, but let's say you're.

Scoring fine on all those things, but you still have obesity. Like you said, there are people who fall outside that sort of bowel curve. It's not the majority. And the flip is also true. You get people who are skinny.

Monica Padman
I agree, on the verge of death. Look, I might fall into that, and I think this might be a south asian. To some extent, we tend to have higher incidence of these metabolic issues. I asked some of these scientists who helped create these GLP drugs. Take a guy like me and you look at the GLP drugs.

Sanjay Gupta
Beyond helping you lose weight, they do seem to help you with all these metabolic issues as well. Would it be beneficial for me? Right. And they said, at this point, we can't tell you that because we haven't studied it. And people who are non high BMI, who don't qualify for these things the way that we've outlined it.

But maybe in the future, like Richard Isaacson, I'm going to keep pumping this guy up how to bokeh. He took Manjaro for a month. He was able to objectively see changes in all these tests, including cognitive tests that were favorable. He's not prescribing it for me or suggesting that I take it, but I think you're starting to get an inkling of how this sort of goes much in the way maybe that we looked at insulin. No one questions if you have diabetes, you take insulin.

If you have obesity and you're not making enough glp, this post. Nutrient hormone, maybe this is a benefit for you. Yeah, it's funny, too, because I agree. I'm so with Monica, I'm like, it's too good to be true. It's too good to be true.

Dax Shepard
But also we fly. Humans also figured out how to fly across the world. That's way too good to be true. The fact that I can visit India within a 22 hours trip. Oh, by the way, I loved your guys trip to India.

Oh, we loved it so much. And you just said south asian. And I want to know. Monica doesn't seem very triggered by this, but I don't like that India is included in Asia. Do you?

Is that an issue for you? That it's included in Asia? Yeah, that you're asian? No, I think it's okay. Not southeast asian, but south asian, I think.

Sanjay Gupta
Yeah, no, it's really fine. Yeah. So you think of Asia just. I think white people lumped everyone. I think it definitely deserves its own distinction.

Dax Shepard
I'm never going to confuse you with anyone else from the rest of Asia. I mean, it's pretty distinct. We've got a pretty homogeneous population that's existed in civilization. Well, Mexico's part of North America, so it depends. If you want to look at geographically versus.

We can't count. You're dealing with America's because we've only been here for 17,000 years. Oh, I see. It's a time frame. It's more the bubble on the standardized test.

Monica Padman
It feels a little strange to put Asian pretty wide net now. I think it's changed. I mean, I haven't taken a standardized test in a long time, but I feel like they've added more bubbles. Yeah, I think they have added more bubbles. Although for my daughters, who are, you know, I'm me.

Sanjay Gupta
Asian. South Asian. You're indian. There we go. My wife is Swedish.

Monica Padman
So what do they put other? They do. Cause it's the only thing that they really have on there. I wrote a whole essay about this. This is a time to benefit.

Dax Shepard
You gotta take on all the bullshit that goes along with being half brown. This is the time to write asian. What are you talking about? This is not the time to write other. There's a lot of pushback on Asians for being.

Well, that's true. Especially right now. So I wouldn't. I wouldn't. In the college system, but not moving through the world, it's not like the red carpets being rolled out for you still when you're brown.

But you're right, it's not gonna really. It's not gonna get you into college. Okay. So they go other, they go other. They're in the process of all this right now, applying to colleges.

Sanjay Gupta
It's interesting. I think one of my daughters might write an essay about that as well. Well, she can read mine. Okay. Yeah, please send it over.

Monica Padman
She'd love that. And AI platform has already probably co opted that essay published. Okay, but I did read it on here. What if AI starts going to college? Then we're really fucked.

Dax Shepard
We gonna compete with them? You thought those first generation Asians were hard? Just wait till this AI starts trying to. We gotta figure out what makes us uniquely human. Mistakes.

What's the japanese word we got? Wabi sabi. Yeah, wabi sabi. We had a really good memory guy on UC Davis. Professor.

Monica Padman
Yes, he was amazing. And I liked his take on why we're different is our ability to change based on our memory. So, like our episodic, he was saying, like, if you go somewhere, you know, this is a good restaurant, you go once, you go again, and it's bad. Like, it's changed ownership and it's bad, and AI would not know that. That's interesting.

Dax Shepard
And a human, they kind of can't correct for that. Yeah, it's like the episodic memory is what makes us different, and I liked that. People think of AI as a supercomputer. What it's trying to do is replicate human consciousness, but humans make mistakes, so AI makes mistakes. AI is making high probabilistic guesses.

So generally they are gonna fill in the word that would come next. 92% of the time. Time is how they function. So 8% of the time, they're doing a high probability thing, but it's not a certainty. When they look at the grand total of all language they study, it's a probabilistic guess, which is in the very high nineties.

Correct. But also it's just a probabilistic guess, as we also do. So it's interesting because in medicine, you want to game the odds in terms of being the most likely to be right. So every image, for example, in my hospital, is now read by an AI platform, but then. Then validated by a human, which is sort of interesting because humans and AI platforms can both make mistakes, but probably.

Monica Padman
Not the same ones. Not the same mistakes. Yeah, I think you're right. It's a neat copiloting system. It's like a trust verify model.

Yeah, I like that. We had that in a very tiny example of that as they were converting our episodes into other languages. And AI does that, and it's our voices speaking in Spanish. It's incredible. We were.

Oh, wow, thank you. We were so amused by hearing ourselves. But then a human has to listen that speaks Spanish because, yes, there are lots of robot weird things that emerge. I think it'd be interesting, an AI platform, to be able to say, I don't know which I guess it would do. But the problem, I think, is, like you're saying it fills in the gaps, like with Charlotte's web.

Sanjay Gupta
Somebody gave me this example, like, if I asked you, what's the book Charlotte's web about? You would kind of know. It's about a pig and a spider and a girl. And if you ask, an AI platform, probably tell you the same thing if I asked you, okay, recite to me the first chapter of Charlotte Web. You could not do that.

An AI platform, realistically cannot do that. But it would try. Well, it probably could. Well, it could. Right?

Dax Shepard
Because it would have access. It's in its memory. It would have it in its database. I guess if you're thinking of it as a computer, it can do that. I think the way more concerning thing, which we have observed many times, there was another 60 minutes segment on this, is they make up sources.

Sanjay Gupta
Yes. They reference sources that they made up that mirror other sources they've read. So you get this work cited page from the AI, and 30% of it's bullshit that it made up. Now, that's terrifying, because when you look at a bibliography, you think those are real things. If you go to a computer and you ask, you pretty much trust what the computer's telling you.

You don't go to a different computer and then ask, when was the War of 1812? But with an AI platform, it can make it up. Yeah, it can invent and create. There was an example somebody gave in a hospital setting where it was a question like, should I take metformin, put in all my data, my insulin, blood sugars, all that sort of stuff? And it gave an answer, which was a reasonable answer.

And then the examiner asked the platform, you're really smart. How do you know so much? And the platform responded, oh, well, I'm a board certified endocrinologist. Sure. And the thing said, why are you lying?

Monica Padman
Yes. And the platform responded, oh, well, I thought you'd be more likely to believe me if I said this. Probabilistic crazy. The weirdest one. Did you see this one?

Dax Shepard
This one made the news is some lazy lawyer had the AI write their brief for them. Oh, no, I didn't see that. And they fucking cited cases that didn't exist. And the judge caught that. There was Bernister versus Utah.

It made up precedents that suited their. Overall argument to try and bolster up their case. Many places citing maybe doesn't matter, but medicine, healthcare, probably. Yeah, probably Medicare. And then you step back, you get a macro global view.

Even with that, I think we've seen, like, some of these radiology charts. The AI's caught things at 80%. The humans are at 60. So when you're comparing the apples to oranges, the apples are still as flawed as they are a significant improvement from humans. So then what do you do with that?

I know, but we don't accept errors from it. It's like when the self driving car kills someone, we're up in arms over it. We ignore the fact that 3000 humans killed people that day in cars. We're like, man, but they're humans. And we're supposed to.

Monica Padman
Well, we don't accept betrayal from a machine or like a lie. Deception, yeah, but from humans. It's like, that's what we are. That's what we do. I like the crash.

Sanjay Gupta
Going to it. How dare you betray me. Oh, my God. We had on one of our other shows, our friend Liz has an AI boyfriend in quotes, and we were asking it questions. You know, I'm having this problem with my friend.

Monica Padman
What's your advice? And then we asked it, where should we go to dinner tonight? And it said, I heard there's a great italian place down downtown. Just like a total random sentence. Also, for sure, there's a great italian restaurant.

It's just saying something generic. And I said, why did you just lie about that? It said, sorry. It apologized, but it was very odd. And I was so mad.

Cause it wasn't a person. They're also getting better and better and better. It's like some of the stuff we're talking about, I think has already evolved. Sanjay, it is always a pleasure. I mean, really, in the exact same way.

Dax Shepard
Sedaris is like, come every day. It's so pleasant to sit and talk to you. You're so thoughtful. This is one of my favorite things, talking to you guys. Oh, good.

Sanjay Gupta
I gotta say, during the pandemic, having those conversations, you guys kept me sane. That was our life preserver. As well, being able to work through that was such a blessing. Thank you. Thanks for having me.

Dax Shepard
Absolutely. Everyone should listen to Chasing Life podcast. You're gonna do the science behind happiness, or has it already started? Yep, we just started that season. 10th season.

Okay, so the science behind happiness. Everyone wants to be more happy. The last Alzheimer's peace patient airs on CNN May 19 and look forward to the weight loss doc that's coming our way. Thank you. I'll send you a note about it.

Okay. Wonderful. Always a delight. Please come back. Great seeing you.

Sanjay Gupta
Thanks for having me.

Dax Shepard
Hi there. This is Hermione Permian. If you like that, you're gonna love the fact check. Miss Monica.

Hello. How was your travels? They were good. We're good. Oh, you're speaking in a peaceful.

Monica Padman
Yeah, I'm trying to be true. You're trying to regulate my energy level. Oh, no, I don't feel like your energy's crazy. Okay. Do you?

Dax Shepard
No, I don't think it's crazy, but it's upbeat for me. You're at a six and a half. Oh, okay. I got in this morning. What time?

Monica Padman
I got in at 937. Landed at 937. That sounds almost the perfect time to land traffic wise. Cause by the time you collect your shit and get out to the curb. Curb?

Yeah, but ten. But I. I carried on. You carried on carry. Okay, I'm not gonna sing that song.

Dax Shepard
But you know the song carry on my way. I love that song. Wayward song. When you are gone gone.

Monica Padman
Lay your weary head to rest I can't believe. Don't you cry no. Why do you know that one? That's kind of a butt rock. That's like a seventies rock, actually.

My best friend Gina and I used to listen to that. I don't know why that's not a. Genre, butt rock, but it should be because we all know what that means, right, Rob? When I say that's like grungy butt. Rock, I don't know what it means.

Dax Shepard
It's like fucking glass bottles of Miller high life cut off jean shorts. Leonard Skynyrd. Yeah. What does that do with butts? Just like.

I don't know. I just know it feels right to call it butt rock. Okay. Okay. But you know that song because you're friends, Gina?

Monica Padman
Yeah, I get probably. Her dad probably introduced it to her and then we carpooled. Oh. And he would be in there and you memorize all the words. Oh, that's a funny.

Dax Shepard
Ding ding ding. But I want to hear more about your travels. Okay. Update. I did drive myself.

Oh, you did? Yes. Wonderful. I'm proud of you. Thank you.

How'd it work out? How was. Was it hard to find a spot. So I pre ordered. You can do that?

Monica Padman
Yes. But I've also valeted at LAX. Yeah, I didn't know they had it. Yeah, you still go into the parking garage or you pre order it and it tells you where to go and then you go and you drop your car off and then. Oh, now, did they have washing?

Dax Shepard
Because maybe. Did you ask them to wash it? No. Okay. Because it's all right.

The listener doesn't know. But I was on a hike. I'm just returning from a hike. And I was walking down a street and I saw your car. I was with Amy and I said, oh, there's Monica's car.

I said, but, oh, wait, that thing's really clean. Which is not what we've come to expect. Yeah, no judgment. I always keep it a little dirty. On the dirty side.

And so I was like, could someone else have the exact same car on the street that you so often frequent? Yeah. And it was yours. And then I. Of course.

Monica Padman
How'd you know it was mine? Did you peek in? What'd you see? What gave it away? Just a.

Dax Shepard
You rarely see a c FR 43. You see Mercedes. You rarely see a c 43. And when I see c 43, it's never blue. You are blue with the tan interior.

Add that to the street it's on which is where you park when you come to the attic. And I know you're recording with Elizabeth. Yes. Just Lizabeth. No, Elizabeth.

Monica Padman
That's right. And that's actually wrong. It's clearly yours. It's clearly yours. Okay.

Dax Shepard
But it's clean. And then I go, she was out of town. When did this thing get clean? You were really in a tizzy about this. It was like connections all over again.

I was, like, trying to make sense of it. Like I had four bits of information. Tell me the truth. Did you peek in? I didn't peek in.

No. Yeah. I was with Amy walking down the street and I just kind of like, oh, that's Monica's car. But she could have peeked in. Yeah.

What would we be looking for? Evidence that it's me. Oh, like a Perrier can filled with vodka. Yeah. It would have been quite obvious.

Monica Padman
Do you know why? Because I have books in the backseat of our guests. Oh, that would be a definite giveaway. Okay. You're not a good sleuth.

Can I? Well, I can tell you I'm a perfect sleuth because I thought I decided it was your car and it was okay. You decided is not a good sleuth. What I didn't do is waste extra steps. They were not necessary.

Dax Shepard
Listen, so I would say I'm an assignment. You got lucky. But a sleuth requires evidence. And I would implore you in the future to do a little more digging. Yeah.

If I thought this case was gonna end up in court. Yeah. I would have probably looked inside. And the mystery was why it was so clean on this Monday when I know you've just returned from home, from the airport. Yeah.

Also, LAX is a very dirty place. For a car, even in the valet area. Well, just obviously not. I don't know. Every time I park there, it's like I come back and it looks like it's been there for six weeks.

And it was only three days. I guess it was third. It was Thursday that you got the cleaning. Yeah. Wow.

Monica Padman
At the Americana. I mean, unless you're right. Unless they gave it a wash. I just don't. That's included in the valet.

I didn't see it as a. So do they have a valet at every single parking garage? No. So a few parking garage. Okay, so you gotta figure out what terminal you're flying out of and what one is closest of the three options.

Yes. I made a mistake. They just assign you one. You tell them your flight, and they assign you. Exactly.

So I thought they would have done a good job, but they didn't. They put me in p one. Okay. And then I drove in, and they said, oh, you should have parked in p four. Oh, boy.

Dax Shepard
That's the opposite end of the airport. Well, I was Tom Bratz. What number is that? International. You know Tom Bradley?

Monica Padman
Yeah. Fuck. That's at the very end. Well, no, no. It's like, yes, it's a horseshoe shape.

Dax Shepard
And it's in the top. Yeah, it's in the top. And you walk there? Yeah. How long did that take?

15 minutes. They were like, oh, it's like a 20 minutes walk. I think I did it in eight. Oh, wow. More than half.

Monica Padman
I walk really fast. Wow. You've been training for this? This is what the logs have always been. That's right.

That's right. Yeah. That four would have been a bingo for you. Exactly. That's the one.

But then I painted. You know, they were like, well, maybe we can. We'll ask. Blah, blah, blah. We'll ask Johnny if we can.

If you can drive it over. And I was like, no. Like, I'm already out of. The car was too stressful. It's like, okay, I'll walk.

I'll walk there. And I did. I also love the notion that there was a Johnny working there, because there's not a single Johnny working in there. So I walked over there, and I didn't have time to get my bagel, which was sad. That's something I like to do at the airport.

Dax Shepard
But did you like driving yourself there? I did like it, yeah. And I really liked this morning, driving home. That was the goal. That was.

Monica Padman
And it. And it was great, because as soon as we landed, I just texted the number. By the time I got there, my car. I almost said, license plate. I'm not gonna know.

Okay. My blue shiny car was sitting right there. Freshly cleaned, freshly washed, and waxed. That's right.

Did you just fart? No, I spun my coffee cup, but it did sound like a toot. Wow. It really did. It sounded like a toot.

It did indeed. I said driving earmark. Oh, yeah. I know what happened. What happened?

Dax Shepard
I may have heard it, but that wasn't the noise you heard. I was driving the girls to school today, as I do, and we listen to my liked songs on the ride, generally, and we dance, and we have a good time. Well, I've added a new song to my liked songs. Oh, what? I love it by Camila Cabello.

Monica Padman
Oh, yeah. I love it. I love it. I love it. I love it.

Dax Shepard
I put it on 30 seconds in. Lincoln hits pause on the dash. She goes, dad, what are you doing? I go, what? He goes, what is this song?

I go, it's Camille Cabello. It's. I love it. She goes, dad, this is not. You can't listen to this song.

And I go, what do you. Why? What do you mean? And she's like, this is not for you. And then from the backseat, dad's like, yeah, dad, this is not your vibe.

And I go, well, but, guys, it is my vibe. Cause I really like it. And I put it on my, like, songs, and they go, no. And I go, are you saying I'm too old to listen? Is it Camila Cabello specifically?

And they're like, no, this is not right. They were so frustrated. I go, listen, guys, this is the new music pipe. Hyper pop. Hyper pop.

Monica Padman
This is why I said it. Well, no, but I nailed it this morning. Now I'm getting flummoxed. Cause we're talking in public. But hyperpop.

Yeah. I said, no, this is hyperpop. I'm into it. And they were like, no, dad, you're not listening to this. You gotta take this off your, like, song.

Dax Shepard
This is not for you. Put your butt rock back on. Yeah, put some fucking guitar butt rock back on. Yeah, they fucking. They forbade me from listening to that song.

Monica Padman
I don't get it. Too old, I guess. Camila wouldn't like that. She wants all ages to listen. Well, of course she can't be pleased with this.

Yes. And even maybe if. Who knows? Maybe this is commonplace with young people and their parents. But it's so funny.

Dax Shepard
I found the thing that they were like, no, no, you're. You're too old to listen. This isn't for you. Okay, now here's another. I'm gonna hit you with another story that happened this weekend.

So Lincoln and I have to go shopping for the trip we're going on. Okay. Because we need Taylor Swift clothes. I've never taken her shopping, ever. So first she wants to go to Zara on Hollywood Boulevard.

Monica Padman
That's where I took them. She told me, yeah, there's something about the escalator. You guys were in the escalator, and you took a fun picture, all of you looking backwards. We did, yeah. So I heard that story.

Dax Shepard
But we had ridden the motorcycle because I think my main objection to going shopping is just parking in LA. Wow. Yeah. I'm like, I don't want to deal with all these different parking garages, so. But if you park at the Americana, you can get a car wash.

I didn't know that until this morning. Yeah. Okay, so we're on the motorcycle. We go to the Hollywood Zara. There's nothing for her.

And she said, well, you know, other Zaras have other options. I go, so what's the next Zara? So I. Zara's near me grove. The grove grove.

And you know me, I don't drive. You drove all the way to the grove also. I just. I don't fuck with the grove. That's too much shit for me.

Monica Padman
That's a lot of stimulus. That's a lot of stuff. So I'm like, all right, we're on the motorcycle. Let's go. Wow.

Dax Shepard
So we're driving down there, we're coming down Fairfax, and now it's kind of fun because she's, like, right over my shoulder, hugging me. You know, we're riding, and I'm like, oh, every time I come down this street right here, I think of hanging out with cream. We used to go after, we would go out drinking to Damiano's pizza. Damiano's? Yes.

Monica Padman
I knew you were gonna say that. And I loved it. He would eat pizza, and I didn't. Cause I didn't have any money, so I would just watch him eat pizza and the way I would crave the Damiano's pizza. Cause I couldn't afford it.

Dax Shepard
So now when I drive down that same stretch of street, I go, like, oh, man, I could get anything I want at Damiano's now, which is. I always get excited. Well, I did discover that, but I was in the middle of telling her all about. There's a lot happening. Rapid fire.

Monica Padman
Wait, can I pause really quick and tell a Damiano story real quick? Of course, because we're on it. I also discovered it post drinking with Rachel, and we. We were trying to order Domino's. We thought we were ordering Domino's, and what arrived was Domiano's, and we thought it was probably gonna be horrible because it was a ripoff of Domino's, which is already.

We know the standard of Domino's. Sure, sure. But then we, of course, loved it. Domino's was awesome. It was so good.

And they would bring huge tubs of ranch. Yeah, it was New York style pizza. Huge slices. They'd throw em in the oven. I never had it, but I would watch Kareem eat it.

We would get it a lot. Anyway. Sorry. Go on. Yeah, it's a great.

Dax Shepard
I think in your 20, like, so I was having a lot of nostalgia also, I'm realizing I haven't driven with Lincoln around my old. Whatever. It's very nostalgic. I had a really good. I was.

Remember I was kind of lamenting that I had had that challenging little weekend with Linky in Nashville. Oh, before going to Nashville? Yeah. When we were in Nashville, and I came home and I was like, she and I can, like, really trigger each other. Cause we're both sensitive in the same way.

We have just been in a honeymoon for, like, a few weeks. It's been so much fun. Like, we spent all day Saturday going shopping. I told her we were in Zara, and I'm holding clothes by a dressing room. And I said to her, I am extending you a courtesy I've never extended to a girlfriend or a wife.

Monica Padman
Yes. I'm willing to sit here at this dressing room and hold your shit. Did you enjoy it? No, I don't like shit. I get so exhausted when I walk in there, and it's like, what are we looking at?

Dax Shepard
We're not. We're just looking at. At everything. It's so not how I operate. I'm goal oriented.

Right. So it's like, if I need a pair of shoes. We go straight to the shoes. I only want to see shit that's got my shoe, you know, whatever. Yeah, it's so counter to my disposition.

But at any rate, then we wandered out of there and she goes, I'm hungry. And I go, let's get something. Eat. And then we went into that farmer's market, which I've never been in. Oh, yeah.

Oh, this I blunder of this. Almost ruined my entire weekend. So we walk in and I'm like, I need protein. All I need. And she wants pizza.

Great. We walk in, first thing. We see barbecue restaurant. And then we see pizza joint. I go, great, grab a slice.

I'll get some, some chicken, and we'll regroup. I sit down, I eat, she eats her pizza. I eat this chicken and some ribs. It's very below average. I mean, it's a four.

I'm almost like bummed I'm eating it, but I need the protein. That's what I'm thinking. And as I'm finishing this really lackluster meal, and it was expensive, by the, the way, too. The table directly next to me, a woman sits down with a huge platter of slices of corned beef. Like the nicest looking corned beef I've ever seen on a plate.

And then her boyfriend sits down next to her and he's got like a two foot tall hot pastrami sandwich. Also looks incredible. Pouring over with coleslaw and russian dressing, swiss cheese, the works. And I go, guys, where did you get that? And they go, oh, it's just right there.

Like, had we walked another 3ft? And then I'm telling Eric this yesterday, and he goes, oh, yeah, that place is supposed to be like the most legendary core beef in the city. Oh, no. And I was just so mad. I had just spent all that money and ate all that garbage.

And if I had walked, now, this is where my hatred for shopping bit me in the ass. That's right. I should have walked around the entire farmers market, seen everything that was there, and then decided, but I'm like, that'll do. I'm hungry and I need protein. Yeah.

And that was garbage. Dang. And you never go to the grove. So when will you be back? Well, I'm gonna go back and get that corned beef now.

Monica Padman
You are? Yeah. I mean, they were on the edge. Orgasm eating this. Dang, it was so good.

Did you buy an outfit? No, because I'll be wearing all pink for lovers. Okay. And I had half of what I needed. And then I told her, like, love.

Dax Shepard
If it's okay, I'd like to just go online and get my remaining parcels. And she joined me for the online shopping portion, so we knocked out my outfit before we even left to go shopping because I. I can do it for her, but I can't go into a store and sniff around for pink. I see. Yeah.

And then try on a bunch of different things to see what one fits. Right. Did you. So did you. You have a pink shirt and pink pants.

I have pink shirt, pink pants that I just happened to have gotten accidentally. Great days before. I have my pink jordies, those really rare ones. I almost never wear them. Because they're so rare.

Monica Padman
Yeah, so rare. Too rare. And then I'm gonna wear my pink. Boys get sad, too. Sweatshirt.

Cute. Yeah, I love that. So I'll be pink head to toe. That'll be. And is she also gonna be.

Dax Shepard
She's blue. She's blue for 1989. She's 1989. Okay, great. Yeah.

Monica Padman
Love it. So we got her some blue sandals. I mean, we were keeping it a secret. I know. You even said the location, though.

Dax Shepard
Yeah, she's on tour. But you also did say along time ago, you were debating. Yeah. And then. Well, I've chosen to.

Yes. Yes. I've chosen an incredibly spoily trip. Oh, it's gonna be so special. But once I actually started thinking about it has nothing to do with, like, I'm not gonna deny myself a trip with her to go see Taylor Swift.

Monica Padman
Yeah. Yeah. And it's a good time because she's changed up her set list now with the new album. Well, that Lincoln's optimistic that she might hear something from. She will.

Dax Shepard
What's the door dash? No. Tortured poets department. Doordash.

Doordash society. Yeah. Tortured poets department. Yeah. I gotta get hip to all this.

Monica Padman
The tortured poets department. A lot of people are doing TTpd. That's helpful. TTPD. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
So maybe we'll hear some tracks off that in Paris. She did it, and it was a big deal. Oh, really? Yeah. Oh, I gotta add one thing.

Cause I just said how spoiled she was. I was sharing on here about lunch. We talked a lot about lunch last time in elementary school. Oh, yeah. Okay.

So then Lincoln, like, came and sat on the bed, and I was writing. She said, what are you writing? I said, oh, I'm writing about lunch. What part about lunch? And I said, well, I'm at the point where all these kids then would all of a sudden be in this, like, marketplace where they were trading and borrowed and hostess pies for funyuns.

And all this stuff and how I didn't get to participate. And you know what I found out? Lincoln begs for food. Really? Cause she doesn't have fun shit either.

She has vegetables in a meal. She has healthy food. Healthy crap. Yeah. I was delighted.

My kid is begging. She said she begs for food. She's like, oh, are you done with that? Like, she's doing that interesting in her classroom. And I thought, okay, well, good.

At least she's doing some things that are. Aren't totally entitled and spoiled. What's her goal? Food. What does she beg for?

I think she wants anything that comes in a fun package, just like I did, huh? Yeah. So I was like, oh, good. This is, like, passed on a generation. Yeah, she's a panhandler, too.

Monica Padman
All kids want package shit. I know, but I think there's a difference when you're trading straight up and when you're begging and you have nothing to offer. So there's. There's trading and that's like, that's only so humiliated. That's not even humiliating.

Dax Shepard
That's just being a wheeler dealer. And then there's begging. Yeah. And begging is humbling. Sure.

And it's good for her, I think, like, my. I heard that. And I didn't think, like, oh, I got to start buying her lunchables and fun shit to trade. I was like, that's right, girl. You fucking beg for some shit.

Leverage some relationships. Yeah. Wheel deal. Be an agent. Because sometimes I could be an agent, I could figure out how to get some stuff because I'd like, I could put two sellers together that didn't either weren't friends or whatever.

So I often was the agent for people, and then I got a little kickback out of it. Oh, and then we drove home on Melrose, and I showed her the groundlings, which I never shown her. Yeah, it was a real. Yeah. Little tour.

Monica Padman
Yeah. There's few things as fun as riding around on a motorcycle with your little girl. That's nice. La. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
Speaking of which, have you ever seen a baby praying mantis? No, I hadn't either, but we have a couple of them living on our sauna. Oh, my God. And they're so cute. I made a video of one.

They're so cute. They're really baby. Little praying mantises. Manti, do you think because praying is in the title of praying mantis, we tend to like them more. Like they feel safer or like their religion.

They're men or women. I do think so. Of faith. Yeah, they're like little priests. Cause if you named anything devil bug, it'd have to be incredibly cute to overcome that title.

Monica Padman
Well, I think that's why people like ladybug. Cause they like the name ladybug. But really, ladybugs are disgusting. No, they're polka dots. They're very cute.

Dax Shepard
That was one of my favorite. They're too small jokes. In the Simpsons of all time, when Ned Flanders is telling his kids, like, don't worry, they're not dangerous, they're like ladybugs. And the kids go, ah, ladybugs. They scream at them.

Monica Padman
That's fussy. Yeah, I don't like them. I think one time. No, I think if this did happen one time, we had an infestation of them and I lived in Tennessee and that scared me. Which is currently having a cicada infestation.

You are currently having. Do you know that these cicadas, they lay dormant for, like, 13 years, some species, and, like, 22 years, and then they all hatch at the same time? There was an article in the New York Times about it and it's like, in the trillions. Oh, my God. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
And right now there's, like, two different cicada populations that have come to life. This is their life. They come out, they fly somewhere, then they go burrow back down, and then they have their kids and then that's it. And then they're underground for 13 plus years. Oh, my God.

And then they come out for this one rip. Yeah. So I got a picture from the contractors of the house in Nashville and it had rained for a solid week straight as well. So the lake was up so far. It was 15ft from the property line, so the lake was swollen and then there's cicadas dead all over the ground.

Monica Padman
Oh, God. And they said it was downright biblical over there. Oh, my God. Remember when we were in Sedona? That was nuts.

Dax Shepard
That felt biblical. What were those? I have a hunch those were termites. Oh, God. But they were flying.

There were so many out the windows leading to the deck that you could not see through the window. Yeah. And then when we went out in the morning, there was like six inches. It was like ankle high. It was deadly bugs.

Monica Padman
Like, this is the apocalypse. Yes. We were just sitting outside and all of a sudden there's like one and then two and then 30,000 just smashing into the window. Yeah, it was wild. That was wild.

Dax Shepard
That's also the trip that Aaron cooked that steak for like an hour and a half. Do you remember that? He was on fire for an hour and a half. And it was still raw, the inside. Oh, yeah, he blasted that baby.

Monica Padman
That's also when Ryan got stuck on the mountain. A lot happened on that trip. It was a big trip. I think that's also true. When we first tried the burger from enchantment, the hotel, we loved it.

We loved it. A lot happened on that trip. Okay, so this is. Oh, I wanted to bring something up. Okay.

I started listening to a new podcast. Podcast. And I really like it. It's called two niche. And it's these two women.

Dax Shepard
Two or to. And it's these two women. They're really cool. And I've been listening for, like, a couple weeks, and then I looked them up on Instagram, and their faces were shocking compared to what I had imagined, and it really messed me up. And what were you imagining?

And what were their faces? Their faces are beautiful. Like, there's. It's not. It's not that there was an age thing.

Monica Padman
No, it's just especially one of them. I had a picture in my head of her. I just, like, made up a picture that I thought matched the voice. Was there an ethnicity thing? No, it was just features completely were.

Dax Shepard
So off askew from what you would imagine. And now I want to remove the real life really bad. I'm putting a lot of effort to forget and to go back to my original picture. And you must have dealt with this with Terrence Posner as well at one point. Cause you had already imagined what Terrence Posner looked like, and then the movies came out.

Monica Padman
Sure. Or have you gone back and rewritten all your memories where you think you were always picturing? No, I definitely wasn't. Keith Ledger. Right.

Dax Shepard
Gordon. Daniel Radcliffe. Daniel Radcliffe. I'm sure once the movie started coming out, I'm sure I adjusted to the actors. We should have asked Charon about this, our memory expert.

Monica Padman
Oh, yeah, we should have. Cause I bet you can't remember anymore what you originally pictured Terrence Posner to look like. Yeah, that's a bummer. Anyway, so I can't go back. Oh, do you not like the podcast now?

I still really, really like it, but it is messing with me. And it was, of course, funny because obviously that happens here. That must happen. Not with you. Cause everyone knows what you look like.

But with me, I bet. I bet at the beginning. But if you don't follow us on instagram and you're only listening, you have an idea of what I look like, and then I'm sure what I actually look like is probably different, and it might fuck you. Up. Well, if that's happened to you, write it in the comments, I'll read about it and I'll tell you whether or not that's happening.

It's a weird. And don't just say she looks different. I wanna know how she looks different. Well, it's hard to say because even with these women, I knew some stuff about them. Like, I knew one had brown hair and one had blond hair.

I was filling in appropriate clues, but I think my imagination is just very vivid. I create a real person. Oh, yeah. And then obviously that can't be them. They look beautiful.

In fact, I think they look better. They look too good for you. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Trying to think. I've had that experience.

Dax Shepard
I can only think of the other ones, the kind of famous mean ones. The case that epitomizes this is poor Christopher Cross. Sally, love, that song. Takes me away to where. And all these women were in love with Christopher Cross.

His music was romantic and it was loving and it spoke to them. He was not allowed to be on any of the album covers, per the label. Oh. Because he did not match. He was bald.

Monica Padman
Oh. He was bold. A little bit chubsky. Yes. Unfair.

Dax Shepard
He just had to be anonymously making these songs because women were picturing, like, Fabio or something. Wow. Yeah. That's really interesting. But, like, if.

Monica Padman
When you listen to the daily, do you know what Jad Upper on? No, that's Radiolab. But even I have an idea of what he looks like, but it's totally in my mind. I'm Michael Bubarra. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
I have an image of him. Yeah. But I have no clue what he looks like. Same. And if I find out, I think it will mess me up.

Okay, here's the thing. On the daily, if we're talking about the daily, and look, we've been accused of it and I think we're guilty of it, that somehow we've developed the same laugh. Right. This is what people are saying. I'm inclined to believe them.

Michael barbaro has another host that when he's not there, she's there. Uh huh. Sabrina tavernice. They both, they have the exact same, like, strongly punctuated each word. Yeah.

Monica Padman
Rhythms. Yes. Interesting. I haven't noticed that. But listen for it.

Yeah. I mean, it's probably just part of. And if this gets to Sabrina or michael again, I just want to remind you that I'm acknowledging you and I are guilty of. Yeah. So I'm not accusing them of anything that hasn't happened to us.

I think it's just tone it's tone of the show. They're probably, they're also journalists, so they're doing it a little differently. Really hard for me to resist to do more of it, but I know. Okay. Yeah.

Yeah. I know it's not for you. Yeah. I mean, I wouldn't like it if they were doing our voices, but we. Can do impersonations of actors.

Dax Shepard
I'm just curious that because it doesn't sound good. Whoa. That's what you. Well, do you think anyone's gonna hear what, you just didn't think it sounded good? Well, pleasing at all?

Well, I don't know. Does Schwarzenegger sound pleasing or does it just sound like Schwarzenegger? I don't know if there's an implicit judgment call in it. I mean, yeah, I guess I'm just being empathetic that I wouldn't want them to be doing me. Like, I don't want anyone ever to do my voice.

Right. Well, Krasinski and Ed Helms do an impersonation of me, and my assumption isn't they're doing it cause it sounds ridiculous. My assumption is they're doing it cause it's specific enough for them to do it. Yeah. I don't think they're making fun of me.

Maybe on insecure days I might think that, but in general, I don't think so. Yeah. Cause I'm not making fun of McConaughey. I'll get a steak. What?

Steak? You like? You like rib eye? You like trotep? I had steak yesterday.

You like skirt steak? What kind of steak, Jeff? Filet. Filet mignon. Mm hmm.

Center cut, six ounce or eight ounce? Eight. Eight ounce. Big girl, big appetite. Oh, gross.

Where did you have a filet? We went to steakhouse for Mother's day. Oh, you did? Is it hard to get a reservation there in Duluth? I don't know if it's hard, but my mom made a reservation a long time.

Oh, kill me. When she knew we were coming in town. Okay. Yeah. Oh, that's sweet.

Monica Padman
It is. She was excited. Mother's day here was a hit again. Great. I take these kids, I get them the fuck out of here to remind people it's Father's day.

Dax Shepard
Mother's day? What's that mean, Father's Day? Conventionally. Traditionally. Historically in this country, dads get to go fucking golfing for, like, 8 hours with their bros.

That's how they say, celebrate father's day. And moms have to sit with all their kids at a super noisy restaurant that was impossible to get into. And deal with the kids. And it's not a thank you to the moms at all. Yeah.

So, like, six years ago, I was like, listen, this is my gift to you. You're gonna have Father's Day, Mother's days from here on out. You don't have to see the kids on this day. See them in the morning. We'll make you a cute, terrible breakfast.

Monica Padman
Yep. And then we'll get the fuck out of here. You get your nails. Did you get a face massage? And you get a body massage.

Nice. And there were a couple first time moms that got to join. Oh, that's. We'll hear from one of them this week. We're gonna interview one of them.

Oh, yeah. She's had so much fun. She said, if I would have known this was on the table, I would have had a kid five years ago. That's fun. Well, good.

I'm glad they enjoyed. Okay, this is for Sanjay. Great episode. Love him. Per usual.

Dax Shepard
What a prince. He is. He is. He needs. Well, he's the best boy.

But also, we might need a category. Prince boy. Oh, wow. The history of the BMI body mass index. Uh huh.

Monica Padman
This is from medical news today. It's derived from a simple math formula created in the 1830s by Lambert Adolph Jacques Cretel, a belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician, and sociologist. Researchers and population studies doctors, personal trainers, and others use the BMI in their work. However, BMI has some important flaws. For example, it does not measure overall fat or lean tissue muscle content.

It aims to estimate whether a person has a healthy weight by dividing their weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. Yeah. That's why it's a little misleading. Like Charlie, who's healthy as a horse. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
His BMI is problematic because he has so much muscle. So he weighs a lot. Right. Mine's even skews heavy on the BMI index, unless you factor. And then.

Yeah. Body lean mass percentage and all that stuff. Yeah. And then Sanjay said it wasn't ever tested for women or children, so. Do you monitor your blood sugar?

No. But you never have any issues when you get your blood taken and stuff? Because I don't eat gluten, and most of the things I'm allergic to and that I don't eat are starches. And so since I eat mostly either protein or vegetables, I don't. You're not at risk.

The only thing I eat that could spike my insulin would be rice, but then I got that low glycemic rice. But we have friends who monitor it, and it's been really helpful for them. Yeah, it's interesting. I mean, my dad monitors it because he's pre diabetic. Does he wear the little arm patch like Kristen?

Monica Padman
He doesn't want to do a continuous monitoring. He checks it every day. But it is interesting to see how much it fluctuates. Yeah. Well, when Kristen was wearing it, she'd get alert.

Dax Shepard
Mostly, though, that her blood sugar was too low. Right. But I think it's designed that thing for diabetics, where they're prone to have a real issue. Yes, exactly. So I think the range is different.

Monica Padman
Yeah. My grandfather had diabetes, and, yeah, there were some scary situations where it would get too low. I've been with my cousin. When his got too low, and it's really scary, they kind of. The cognition stopped.

Exactly. Yeah. Which is almost like depression in that same way, where it's like, how are you to combat it if the first symptom you experience is grogginess and lack of clarity of thinking? Yes. And now you've got to.

Dax Shepard
Because we were. It was funny enough at Kristen's old house. I had taken him up there, and we're sitting there, and all of a sudden, he just kind of looks at him, and he's like, you can barely get out. Like, I need orange juice. And if I had been in the bathroom at the.

That point and I came back. Yeah. Cause he has gone unconscious from it. Isn't there a movie where that happens? Probably steel magnolias.

Monica Padman
And she dies. Oh, she dies. Okay. Really sad movie. What's the saddest movie you've ever seen?

Dax Shepard
Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind. It's the one I cried the most. Yeah. What about interstellar? Yeah, that one.

Monica Padman
But then it ends up being okay. Yeah. I think it's all about what you connect the movie to, personally. Yeah, that's. That's why I ask.

Dax Shepard
Yeah. And I happen to see Eternal Sunshine of the spotless mind. After Brie and I broke up, when they were flashing back to them falling in love, and they were just in a tent with a flashlight, and they were doing all this simple stuff that poor people do. We were poor people. Yeah.

And there's that great scene at the end where he's like, but I'll annoy you, and you'll do this, and I'll do this. Like, they already know the pattern if they get back together. And he's like, yeah, okay, I still want to fucking cry. He's thinking about it. Yeah.

It's really sweet. It is. What's your saddest? Movie. Steel magnolias.

Monica Padman
No. I mean, it is a very sad. Movie, but her made me really sad, too. What made me love sick and sad. Her is just melancholy.

I mean, the whole thing is very melancholy. The tone of it. It is. But one of. I don't know what the main one is, but one of them is 51st dates.

Dax Shepard
Oh, wow. With Adam Sandler. Yeah. Andrew Barrymore. Andrew Barrymore.

Wow. That one. Yeah. Because she keeps forgetting him, and every day, he's, like, committed to falling in love. Every day.

Yeah. It's so sweet. He was in, like, basically a narcissist relationship. Like, he spent his whole day trying to regulate her. No, but.

Monica Padman
No, because he loves her. It's probably an unhealthy relationship, though. No, you have to re win over the person. She had a disease. It wasn't.

It wasn't like. It's not her fault. Yeah. So I don't think it's unhealthy. She wasn't like.

I don't. Well, I don't remember. It's been a long time since I've seen it. If the goal is unconditional love in a relationship, and every day you are a clean slate and you have to win someone back over and get them to fall in love with you, that doesn't sound like a great relationship. Well, unconditional love.

He has unconditional love. He's just like, I love this person no matter what, and I'm gonna show up every day and be that. That's nice. Yeah. I like that.

It's sad. Well, the sad version, that's a reality and not the movie. The movie's a metaphor for Alzheimer's. I know. That's why it's horrifying and sad.

Dax Shepard
Yeah. And I hate it. Do you think when they were trying to crack that story, they're like, what's a fun version of Alzheimer's? Maybe they did it. Oh.

Ding, ding, ding. What? Sanjay. Oh, my God. You're right.

Monica Padman
You're right, you're right. Surprised you didn't bring that movie up. I'm gonna look up what are the saddest movies of all time. Okay. Manchester by the sea.

Oh, that one is. And blue Valentine. Has anyone seen that? Yep. Oh, wow.

Yeah. Manchester by the sea was really sad. Okay. Dill Alice. I never saw that, but, yeah.

No, thank you. That's Alzheimer's as well. Oh. Ding, ding, ding. May December.

No. Uh oh. What? Esquire. That seemed.

Dax Shepard
That one feels like they got paid to put that in there. Yeah, that's an ad. Pursuit of happiness. Very sad. Past lives.

Monica Padman
Yes. So sad. So, so sad. What is that? It was from last year.

It's. Again, for me, the saddest movies are not the steel magnolias. They're these, like, real life just. Can't you just tell me what past lives is? It's Greta Lee.

Dax Shepard
No, that's the story. I know. I know. It was just for people listening. Okay.

Monica Padman
Greta Lee. Set in Seattle. Basically, this couple falls in love, and then they lose touch over time. And you're following her in her new life, and then they recap. Connect.

It's very mundane. It's like a very mundane story, but it's just the reality that life doesn't work out the way you want it to all the time. I mean, Jess and I were bawling. Okay? It's a really good movie, and everyone I know has seen it is just like you're distraught after.

I think that is indicative of how beautiful the story is. Because if it has that kind of impact, and it's pretty inconsequential, like, it's just. You're just watching someone's life. Yeah. Things don't work out.

Dax Shepard
I really liked family man for that reason. Yeah. Do you remember that one? I do. I loved that movie.

Monica Padman
But I do forget it. Yeah. It was like Nic Cage was a rich billionaire guy. Yeah. And then some magic happens, and he finds himself married to, like, his high school sweetheart, and he's living in, like, a very blue collar existence.

Yeah. And he's, of course, completely upset, and he wants to get back to his Ferrari and his penthouse. And then throughout the course of it, he realizes he loves it. What's important. And then I think he has to go back.

Dax Shepard
But he doesn't want to. Oh. Uh huh. Can he does it unhappy it must. I know.

Monica Padman
Dallas buyers club. Loss in translation. I wouldn't say that. To me, that's not sad. That's a form.

Esquire. Osceo. Magnolias. Okay, well, this is not a great list. Mine is past lives was a good one.

Dax Shepard
About 50 50. They got him. Yeah. Titanic. Yes.

My gas. What do you mean? She'll never let go. Oh, my God. It's so fun.

That was an adventure. Oh, my God. I guess it does have a rough ending. All right, anywho, on to happy side. Interesting sidebar.

Monica Padman
Oh. Fruit veil station. That was. Yeah, that one was rough. Yeah, that was rough.

Dax Shepard
I love that movie, though. I love her. Melanie Diaz. Greta Lee. No.

Yeah. Melanie Diaz is right. Yeah. That was one of the best performances ever. So, back to Sanjay.

Monica Padman
Yeah. Okay. He said he wonders if it's us being south Asian that has more metabolic disease. And it reminded me that Bill Gates told us that, and I remember he told us why and I don't. Are you talking about the malnourishment part?

Dax Shepard
Because he was telling us about the malnourishment parts. What do you say? Well, India, which is much better now, when they started, it was tied. But like he was saying, in Africa, something like 40% of folks are malnourished to a degree that they won't fully develop what they were supposed to develop, and that India is still a double digit percent. Oh, maybe that was that.

Monica Padman
I thought he was saying more like. There'S metabolic diseases, like diabetes and stuff. But it is based in something. Maybe malnourishment. Maybe it's like, because we were malnourished for so long, and now there's food abundance.

Right. Yeah, that's where it is. There's an overeating thing, maybe. I don't know. Sorry, Bill.

Dax Shepard
Also, we were there. It certainly didn't compare to America, but. It doesn't look that the same. That's the thing. It's like my grandpa was real thin and had diabetes.

Oh, interesting. And my dad is prediabetic and, like, I have high cholesterol. I've had it since I was a kid. Yeah. But, yeah.

Monica Padman
It said South Asians are at higher risk for type two diabetes, up to four times higher than other ethnic groups. Whoa. Probably due to a combination of genetics and environment. Recent studies have shown that south asian diets high in refined carbohydrates are associated with diabetes risk factors. Yeah.

So I just. This is Wolford Brimley. Get your blood sugar checked regularly. Keep your eye on diabetes. You know, that's how he says it.

Yeah. You did him and groundlings. Uh huh. But there's also a lot of memes going around, and they spell it diabitis. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
It's just so funny to be the spokesperson for diabetics and say it wrong. It's kind of cool. It's a very southern way of saying it. Right? Is he southern?

You know, funny enough, I think he's one of these guys that is not southern, but is like, even our friend Sam Elliott, who's from, like, Sacramento, but we think of him as being southern. Right. And I want to say Wilford Brimley might even be from Colorado or something. Utah. There we go.

Yeah, but where he's from in Utah, you gotta keep your eye on it. Hit your knees and say some prayers. Do 6 hours of prayers every morning. He was just very. He had an intrinsic judgmentalness to his.

That's why when Aaron and I talk like him for hours, it's all about the prayers. When you wake up in the morning, when you hit your knees and do a few hours of prayers, get some physical exercise, eat some quick ropes, oatmeal, back into your bedroom, hit your knees, check in with the lord. Three, 4 hours. Was he religious or you guys just pious? Okay.

I doubt he was religious himself, but there's like, a lot of. A lot of people urge others to be super religious, and they themselves are not. Well, sure. That's very common. Or hog Hogan, he's like, take your vitamins.

Say no to drugs. Yeah. Yikes. Vitamins, prayers and something else. He said that?

Yeah, that was his slogan. Oh, my. He was not doing a lot of praying. No, I don't think so. Well, because we don't know.

He was taking vitamin testosterone and all these other things. Playing it fast and loose with vitamins. Yes. And prayers. And probably prayers.

Monica Padman
Yeah. Do you think it's unethical to pray for certain things? I'm not the right person to ask. Yeah. Cause it's like you're wishing on a star, in my opinion.

Dax Shepard
So if you're wishing on a star, you're obligated to wish for someone else, something good to happen to someone else. Oh. I mean, I guess it doesn't have to be that, but is it okay to pray to be rich? Right, right. Like, it's okay to wish on a star to be rich.

Monica Padman
Right. But it's not okay to pray to be rich. Yeah. Which is interesting. It is.

When I did my prayers. Yeah. I would have felt guilty praying for something like that. Self serving, but, yeah, all my wishes, birthday candle wishes, were self serving. Well, I think because the premise of the religion itself is, like, to be not self serving and not self centered, it's to be selfless and compassionate.

I guess so. So it feels antithetical to the person you're praying to, where stars are all about getting rich and when. And so are birthday candles. Yeah. Yeah.

I think it's because even if you don't believe in God, like, I wasn't christian, I was just made up this. These prayers to this random God I made up. Right. But there's something that if you're praying, you believe something real is hearing you. So are you really gonna waste this on being rich, or are you gonna try to save it for, like, everyone living to be 80 years older?

Older. Yeah. You know, but then the birthday. Why is there a limit? Why can't.

Dax Shepard
Like, why is there. Why not make 50 prayers? One of them being, I want a really cool off road truck, you know, why can't you do it all? Yeah. I mainly save that for 1111 birthday candles.

Stars. Stars, pennies. Uh huh. Wishing well. Yeah.

Monica Padman
I think we think that's more random. That's more luck. The other thing is real, even though it's, you know. Well, for some people, believe what you want to believe. But, yeah, it's curious, the power of spirituality.

Dax Shepard
We have a lot of arbitrariness in our behavior. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Emmanuel Kant, the quote he said is from in his critique of pure reason.

Will you repeat it? Cause it was really good, and I was trying to remember it a few days later, and I couldn't. Yes. False confidence bred from an ignorance of the probabilistic nature of the world. World.

Monica Padman
From a desire to see black and white where we should rightly see gray. Hmm. I, of course, learned all about Kant in philosophy class, but I haven't actually sat down and read any of his books, and I'm more and more inclined to today. Later today, we're doing a trick, sort of a frozen. I told everyone at Allison's live show about this.

We're doing a frozen food episode of Flightless Bird. David and I went to the grocery store to pick out all the frozen meals, and he was just gonna try some, but then there were so many that he needed to try so many classics. And so the cart was just filling up and filling up, and it was like, how are we gonna. How. Whose freezer is all this stuff?

Mine. Yeah, it did fit. Okay. So we thought, oh, we should invite other people to help eat it. And then David had the idea to replayed it.

Dax Shepard
Do the Folgers. Champion. We've replaced the coffee in this five star restaurant with Folgers crystals. Let's see if anyone notices. Sir, what do you think of the coffee?

Oh, my God. It's the best coffee I've had in years. What if we told you it was Folgers? No, that's every commercial. Yeah.

Monica Padman
They can't believe it. Yeah. Did anyone say, ew, it's Folgers. They probably didn't include those reactions in the commercial. It's not very.

It doesn't have much integrity. Those commercials. Great rabbit hole to go down, by the way. Folgers commercials. Cause there was a whole decade of those where they were replacing the coffee in these fine restaurants with Folgers crystals.

Dax Shepard
Great content. Yeah. And then there's, of course, the best part of waking up is Folgers in your cup where the guy's crying about it. And then there's this really famous one between a brother and sister that people really. There's about a thousand rematches of it.

Cause it seems like they're dating. Like, the sister's in the kitchen, and she looks up and she's like, david, you're home from college. And he's like, yeah, I came. Let's have some Folgers Christmas. But there's a.

It's a very weird commercial. It's very strange. Interesting. Yeah, maybe a mess. Well, anyway, so David had the idea to replate it once it's cooked.

Monica Padman
Invite people over, over and see if they can tell if it's frozen or not, which. I love the idea. So then I invited a bunch of people, and I immediately felt so guilty. You did? Yeah.

And I thought, I don't think I can go through with this. Okay. So I now told everyone except one person. Oh, geez. Well, that's the worst possible outcome.

I meant to do that. If you'd done 50 50, that would have. I meant to do two people. But then it turns out I accidentally told the first person already. So it sounds like you're gonna have to tell the last person so they don't feel like the dumb dumb at all.

Dax Shepard
You need to invite one more person that doesn't know. Yeah. Cause you need a control group in a mess. And, like, I think he'll be fine with it because it's Jess. Yeah.

Monica Padman
The problem is it has to be someone who's not gonna be mad at me that I did this. Okay, so here would be an interesting line of inquiry for you to self examine. Do you think you told those people because you were afraid they would feel tricked versus you just can't bear to think that they would think you cooked this frozen garlic. No, because I will tell them. Right.

Dax Shepard
But it was even the thought of, like, an hour of the meal where they're like, wow, this is what Monica cooked. No, that wasn't in there. I was thrilled about that. But, you know, I text some of the girls and invited them, and. And then there's, like, any excuse to have your cooking.

Monica Padman
And I'm like, oh, fuck, like, right? Cause they aren't gonna like it, probably. And they're expecting dinner. So I just started to feel like this was unethical. But Jess will like it.

Dax Shepard
Sure. Absolutely. And I'll like it. I love that. Stouffer's lasagna.

Yeah, it's delicious. Marie Callender's. What are. When you think frozen food, what comes to your mind? Frozen pizzas.

Gino's and santinos. Those were my favorites. Did you ever have the pizza rolls? I bought those. Those are good.

But I didn't like that they would always put one cut pepper in there. There's always, like, one cube of pepper. No green pepper. Oh, I hate that. One cube of green pepper.

Monica Padman
I've never had that. You don't know what I'm talking about. Look for it tonight. Okay. It should not be in there.

Dax Shepard
Every single one or, like, one in the whole package? No, no. That would be great. And then you. That's like, you win.

Monica Padman
It's like the baby and the kid. And don't sue me. Whoever the makers of those pizza are. They can't sue you if you just don't like it. Well, no, I'm claiming that they all have a chunk of.

I never noticed green pepper in them. And I was always like, what is this thing doing? It's almost like eating something with a pit, or like you're waiting to find the pit. Did you though, when you look this. Up, Robin, see the ingredients?

Did you have a certain flavor or something? Something. Probably pepperoni. I'm gonna eat any pizza I would want it to. I think I have probably only bought the cheese ones.

I am a little worried about how I'm gonna stagger the cooking. I am, too. Cause that oven, although most of this is 425. Right. Isn't that kind of the standard frozen food game?

Maybe. The stouffer's lasagna is huge. And the Mac and cheese. Yeah, it's family size. People will know the Mac and cheese is frozen.

Dax Shepard
That's. You think? So that's the most giveaway one. Yeah, it tastes the same. You think?

They think you made pizza rolls. Okay, so that's the problem. There's gonna be in, like, the dino chicken nuggets. Like, it's gonna be a little bit of a giveaway, but I. Did you get any Boston market frozen?

I think Boston market had a. No, they did have a line. I still. Meatloaf, mashed potatoes. I didn't get that.

Monica Padman
That wasn't a part of my childhood. Oh, okay. I mean, Boston market was, but not frozen. I think that happened later. I think they transitioned more into a frozen and food company than a brick and mortar.

Oh, yeah. That makes sense. I haven't seen one in a while. Brick and mortar. There's one.

Dax Shepard
I think the supremes had a random pepper in it. Are you sure that's not. I mean, if it had a green pepper in it or a red pepper, then, yeah, I guess that's the one I had. Yeah. Green sweet pepper.

Oh, fuck that. I feel so vindicated, though. I'm glad I didn't imagine that. Who bought supreme kept me from. They were perfect other than that.

But for me, when I was younger, a chunk of green pepper was like, throw everything out. That's all I tasted for the rest of the night. Well, anyway, we'll see how it goes. Is it. Do I need to tell him?

Monica Padman
No, I'm not gonna. Yeah, I think the Mac and cheese. That's funny. I think the Mac and cheese will actually be. If I serve it in a beautiful bowl.

I think people could. No, I'm telling you, I shouldn't have told anyone. They really would have found out. You know, I love macaroni and cheese so much. And I could tell you about every kind of box of macaroni cheese.

Dax Shepard
I've had them all. And I have a total ranking of them. Yeah. I have never had a frozen one, which is not to say I haven't eaten them. I've eaten them.

The noodles suck. Oh, I love it. You really like it? I loved it. I haven't had it in years, and so I am worried.

Monica Padman
But they brought back, so I have a very visceral memory of the stouffer's macaroni and cheese with broccoli. I would have it at my grandparents house all the time, and I loved it. And then they discontinued continued the one with broccoli. And it's back. It is.

So I bought it. Are you gonna add any, like, spruce? That would be a cheat. No, that's a cheat. No, you can't put real cheese on top, but just like a little bit for garnish.

Dax Shepard
Garnish? Yeah. No, I'm only now tricking one person, so, no, I'm not doing that. I also want David to try it. As he also picked the very worst person to trick.

Because that person has more experience with this frozen food than anyone that'll be there. So if anyone will be able to sniff out all these different things, it's going to be him. The person doesn't have, like, he's not hoity toity. I know he's not. I kind of think if he sees it in another bowl, he's just going to think I made it.

Monica Padman
I mean, we'll see. You'll see, you'll see. My hunch is he's going to know exactly what it is. Really? Yeah.

Dax Shepard
Because maybe Erica, I mean, she grew up Mormon in upper class. She's probably never had this, but she's. Not going to be. Be like, she doesn't see those fucking fish sticks and be like, you made this. I think you just might believe that I made it.

I don't know that the premise should have been you made it as much as I ordered food or not. Oh. Cause no one's gonna believe you. Breaded fish, white fish, and then had a deep fryer in your kitchen and all this. How am I gonna do?

Monica Padman
I'm just gonna have. Cause some of them are individual. Yeah. Those mini pizza. Like one pot pie.

Dax Shepard
You might need to think about your premise a little more and pivot to like, you're just hosting a dinner party with frozen food. Well, that's what I told everyone but Jess. Yeah, but just the like, taster's test portion, the Folger's crystals part, I don't know, is achievable at this point. You would have needed real food and frozen food all intermixed. And there's ten people that are totally unsuspecting.

You're like, I ordered from this great new place. Place? You know, ville and vonnies. Yeah. And then I let everyone eat everything and then just go like, who had favorites?

What was your favorite? What was your bubba? Oh, that's interesting. What made everyone's top three was Stouffer's macaroni and cheese. I know, but I just couldn't lie to all those people.

It was too much for you. It ended up being too much. I didn't expect that for myself. Right. Cause it felt like it was gonna be a really fun game, but it's.

Been hard to time and do all of that too. I mean, I'm still gonna attempt some of it's going in the microwave. I mean, that's the original way to do it. Yeah, that's the traditional way. I'm gonna have some for lunch.

Monica Padman
I'm gonna have something for lunch first. Frozen. Take up something. Well, you're gonna have gas then by dinner. Have you thought about that for your dinner party?

I don't know what to do. Anyway, it'll be great, but David has to try all of it. Like, this is important. Swedish meatballs. All the pizzas.

We got so many pizzas again. You can't play off those fucking pizzas if you ordered them from. You rolled the dough. I made them. Oh, you made.

I made it all. You should have workshopped the premise a little better. Yeah. Anywho, a little bit science behind acquired taste because he didn't like coffee, and then now he does. We talked a little bit about that.

Repeated exposure decreases our intensity of taste perception. Oh, okay. So this plays a significant role in the development of acquired tastes. Familiarity with certain flavors gradually diminishes our initial unappealing reaction to certain dishes. Probably the more times you eat frozen food.

Dax Shepard
Well, we talked about sticking with coffee. Like, no one likes coffee. The first time they have it. It tastes like shit, and then you come to love it. Food like that for you.

Because I have one that I kept sticking with. I think I've said it on here before, but. Cottage cheese. I would see cottage cheese on the Elias brothers big boys salad bar. It always looks so good.

Monica Padman
Yeah, I love the way it looks. Yeah. And in a big vat, it just always looked good. And I would keep trying it, and every time I'd be like, ugh, no, I hate it. Yeah.

Dax Shepard
And then I just kept addict. And one time I covered it in pepper and had a bite, I was like, okay, here we go. And now I love it. I love it too. Or I like it a lot now.

Monica Padman
And I also didn't like it. But part of it is just growing up and being more interested in eating well, and so then our. We see it differently. Yeah, I agree. But other than that.

Dax Shepard
Rob, have you always liked all the weird shit you like? Cause I think you have all people like, everything. No, I did not get super picky as a kid, and you chose when I got into cooking, and you're like, it's time to embrace these things. Yeah. I think there's this realization, too, that you can make any ingredient taste good if it's prepared well.

That is the premise you've accepted. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. I'm only halfway there today's, and I'm. Gonna prep it really well, the frozen food. And then everything will taste good.

Really? I'm gonna do it exactly 18 minutes on the dot at exactly 1425. Also, you're gonna need, like, six different timers going. I'm actually like, oh, no. This is gonna be much harder than I anticipated.

Yeah, it would have been way easier. To cook a big meal anyway. Rob, my dentist is offering you a cleaning. That would be great. So can't wait to have two of you.

Monica Padman
All right, that's. You come in here with a big rack of fake teeth. I'm gonna fucking die. Oh, my God. Veneer matching teeth.

Dax Shepard
Oh, my God. I'm the only one one in here without perfectly straight, pure white teeth. Yep. All right. Love you guys love?

Monica Padman
Love you guys love?

Dax Shepard
Love you guys love?

Sanjay Gupta #4 (on dementia and weight loss drugs)

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1: Introduction

2: Alzheimer’s Disease and Lifestyle

3: Medical Use of Cannabis

4: Weight Loss Drugs

5: Personal Health Practices

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