How 'The Sympathizer' confronts Hollywood's version of the Vietnam War

This episode explores how the HBO series "The Sympathizer" challenges Hollywood's traditional narratives about the Vietnam War by introducing perspectives that have been historically overlooked or misrepresented.

1. Hollywood has traditionally depicted the Vietnam War from an American-centric viewpoint, emphasizing American tragedies and moral conflicts.
2. "The Sympathizer" introduces a rare protagonist: a Vietnamese double agent, presenting a nuanced perspective of the war.
3. The series challenges stereotypes and the marginalization of Vietnamese characters in mainstream media.
4. It uses the protagonist's complex identity to explore broader themes of loyalty, identity, and the immigrant experience.
5. The show's critical approach serves as a form of "revenge on Hollywood," redefining historical narratives through Vietnamese eyes.

1: Introduction to 'The Sympathizer'

An overview of the HBO series based on the novel, focusing on its challenge to conventional Hollywood narratives.
Danielle Kurtzleben: "Hollywood has helped inform America's ideas of the Vietnam War."

2: Hollywood's Historical Portrayal

Discussion on the traditional American portrayal of the Vietnam War in cinema and its impact.
Viet Thanh Nguyen: "What happens when that book then becomes an HBO series?"

3: A New Perspective

Exploration of the Vietnamese perspective offered by 'The Sympathizer,' highlighting the protagonist's dual roles.
Viet Thanh Nguyen: "He confesses that he is fascinated and repulsed by America."

4: Challenging the Narrative

Analysis of specific episodes that critique Hollywood's depiction of the Vietnam War.
Viet Thanh Nguyen: "Forgive me, but when you say that, I know you don't understand cinema."

1. Seek out narratives told from diverse perspectives to gain a fuller understanding of historical events.
2. Challenge conventional historical narratives by supporting films and series that address overlooked viewpoints.
3. Reflect on personal biases shaped by mainstream media and consider alternative sources.
4. Engage in discussions about the representation of marginalized communities in media.
5. Advocate for inclusivity and authenticity in storytelling to enrich cultural understanding.

Hollywood depictions have long helped inform America's understanding of the Vietnam War.

But there was usually one thing missing from these Vietnam War stories: the Vietnamese perspective.

For Vietnamese Americans, like author Viet Thanh Nguyen, that experience left him feeling confused as a child.

In his Pulitzer-winning debut novel The Sympathizer, Nguyen filled that gap by telling the story of a Vietnamese double agent who struggled with his involvement in all parts of the conflict.

And with the release of a new HBO series adapting the story, one question arises: Can The Sympathizer subvert the long-standing narrative on the Vietnam war in Hollywood?

People

Danielle Kurtzleben, Viet Thanh Nguyen, Daniel Chin

Books

"The Sympathizer"

Content Warnings:

None

Danielle Kurtzleben
The scene is breathtaking and terrifying.

Wagner blares from the speakers of american flown helicopters as they descend upon a village in Vietnam, raining down napalm and gunfire.

With fire and smoke blazing around him, a swaggering lieutenant strolls through the aftermath, breathing in the carnage. I love the smell of may come in the morning. It's the iconic line delivered by Robert Duvall in Francis Ford Coppola's Vietnam war epic apocalypse now, but it's his line soon after that might be more telling. Someday this war is going to end. Officially, the Vietnam War ended in 1975, but Hollywood would continue to fight the war on screen.

Still to come were the tortured war veterans in films like the Deer Hunter and the first Rambo movie. It wasn't my war. You asked me. I didn't ask you. The ugly jungle warfare and brutality seen in films like Casualties of War and Platoon.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
Do em, man, do em. What are you smiling at, huh? You want something to smile at? Huh? You want something to smile at?

Danielle Kurtzleben
What united these films was a moral ambivalence about a war that has a dark and unresolved legacy, as one Vietnam vet reflected on in Ken Burns documentary about the conflict. It was so divisive, and it's like living in a family with an alcoholic father. Shh. We don't talk about that. Our country did that with Vietnam.

It's only been very recently that the baby boomers are finally starting to say, what happened? What happened? But there was another thing these films all had in common. They all looked at the Vietnam war through an american lens. Author Viet Thanh Nguyen had this on his mind when he wrote his debut novel, the Sympathizer.

Danielle Kurtzleben
He spoke on fresh air about first watching Apocalypse now as a kid and feeling conflicted as a Vietnamese American, about who to root for. I didn't know who I was supposed to identify with, the Americans who were doing the killing or the Vietnamese who were dying and not being able to speak. And that that moment has never left me as the symbolic moment of my understanding that this was our place in an american war, that the Vietnam War was an american war from the american perspective, and that eventually I would have to do something about that. But a novel, even a Pulitzer Prize winning one, can only reach so many people. As Nguyen later suggests, Hollywood produces $200.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
Million, $500 million blockbuster epics that will totally destroy my book. So what happens when that book then becomes an HBO series? Consider Hollywood has written the narrative of the Vietnam War from an american perspective. Coming up, we talk about a show that seeks to challenge that perspective from NPR. I'm Danielle Kurtzleben.

Danielle Kurtzleben
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Danielle Kurtzleben
Its consider this from NPR. Hollywood has helped inform Americas ideas of the Vietnam war, but there was usually one thing always missing from those stories, the vietnamese perspective. HBOS new series the Sympathizer is the rare exception. We were all marching. We were on your side, really?

Viet Thanh Nguyen
And which side was that? Based on the 2015 Pulitzer Prize winning novel, the sympathizer centers on a vietnamese double agent embedded in a south vietnamese community in the US, but spying for the communist North. Daniel Chin is a staff writer for the Ringer and has watched the show. In an article for the site, he says the sympathizer confronts Hollywood's history of the Vietnam War. So we called him up to talk about it.

Danielle Kurtzleben
Welcome. Thanks for having me on. I'm excited to be here. Yeah. Well, so first I wonder if you could talk a little bit about that history that I mentioned, those notable american films about the Vietnam War we just ticked through.

How has Hollywood tended to approach that conflict? Yeah, so I mean, really the Vietnam War led to all of these post war films that you're mentioning, like Apocalypse now platoon, which really show the horrors of the war and the horrors of this war in particular, but really only from an american perspective. So we see the terrible loss of life, the brutality of what happened in the Vietnam War, but it's really focusing on just the pain and the sacrifice being made by american soldiers for the most part. And really we see a lot of the psychological toll that it takes on them and how it's turned certain individuals into bloodthirsty monsters or sexual abusers. But it's always limited to their perspective.

Yeah, it seems complicated. Right? Because it's not depicted like, you know, in so many World War Two films as an american triumph or anything. The war is depicted as monstrous and terrible. But vietnamese people often really don't get portrayed in these when they are included.

How are they portrayed or depicted? Quite often the vietnamese characters are the ones that are the ones being abused or on the other side of that, they are the savages, the killers, and we see the brutality on that end. But really, they also just serve as kind of the silent extras in the background where even if they have speaking lines, they're not being translated or subtitled. Because really, what they're saying doesn't matter in the scope of these films and the perspectives that they're really interested in telling. Right.

Well, so lets look at the sympathizer. It takes place soon after the fall of Saigon in 1975, and it follows our protagonist, a guy known only as the captain, and hes a south vietnamese soldier whos secretly working for the communists. Now, this kind of protagonist, not only vietnamese but also a communist, is pretty much non existent in Hollywood entertainment about Vietnam. I mean, ive certainly never seen it. What is so striking about the captain to you?

Viet Thanh Nguyen
Yeah, I mean, he's really just such an interesting protagonist in the way that he himself is a bundle of contradictions where he is north vietnamese double agent and he is part of the communist movement. But there's this great line in the first episode where he confesses to his friend, man, who is also a communist, he confesses to him that he is fascinated and repulsed by America. And his friend tells him that that's what it means to love America. And so we really get to see him kind of struggle with that inner turmoil as the show goes on. Yeah, no, I mean, it's all about internal conflict.

Danielle Kurtzleben
That seems, from what I've seen, to be such a main thread in this series. The show is presented, I should say, within this frame story, as a series of confessionals from the captain to an as yet unknown captor. I say as yet because the whole series isn't out yet. Daniel, what do some of these confessionals present about how the vietnamese people thought about this war at the time that Hollywood just hasn't addressed yet? Yeah, the framework itself is really interesting in that as the series goes on, you see just the conflict within the community itself and how there are the south vietnamese characters like the general who is fighting desperately to try to reclaim their homeland and return, while the rest of this now vietnamese american community is trying to adapt to living to America.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
Meanwhile, the double agent, he's still trying to work with his friend man and to support the north vietnamese cause. And it just gets more and more complicated as the series goes on as he has to grapple with what side he's really fighting for at this point and what he's fighting for as the war is over. Mm hmm. You know, there's one episode in particular I want to get at. It takes explicit aim at Hollywood's treatment of the war.

Danielle Kurtzleben
The captain, again, our protagonist, he's hired as a consultant on one of these big budget epics being directed by a kind of arrogant, fanatical director who is played by Robert Downey Junior. Here's a clip. Why don't we give our vietnamese characters some lines? That way they can describe their suffering. Just a couple of lines.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
So predictable. Forgive me, but when you say that, I know you don't understand cinema. Not a bit. I don't want to hear people talking about their stuff. I want to feel it.

You understand? It's an emotive medium. It's clearly inspired by films like Apocalypse now. And in writing the book, the author, Viet Thanh Nguyen, has talked about writing the sequence as his, quote, revenge on Hollywood. Well, now it's being depicted by Hollywood.

Danielle Kurtzleben
So I'm wondering, how successful do you think that revenge is on the screen here in this series? I think this episode works really well, and I think it's definitely the most pointed satire across the entire season. And it's so effective in that it's really spoofing scenes and just the tropes that we see in movies like Apocalypse now. Like, for example, there's an early scene where there is an older woman who's reaching into a basket, and it looks like the entire squad is about to fire on her. And that evokes a scene that happens in Apocalypse now when an entire boat is slaughtered by the american soldiers when she was really just going for a puppy.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
And it's revealed that this is actually just a chinese woman who's yelling at them in Chinese. And to them, to the american filmmakers on the set here, it didn't really matter, like, who she was. And it kind of speaks to the interchangeability of Asians in Hollywood's perspective. You know, I think, as I've said earlier in our conversation already, that overwhelmingly these Vietnam war stories, they're told from the american military perspective. But watching this show, I was thinking about an interview that I had seen with the author of the sympathizer Viet Tang Nguyen, where he pointed out that he didn't really learn much about the Vietnam War in school.

Danielle Kurtzleben
And I can say I know I didn't. And I think a lot of american kids don't. I think a lot of people get their education about the Vietnam war from popular culture. So I'm wondering, a series like this, how much of an impact do you think it will have on the broader cultural understanding of the war? Yeah, I mean, it's a great point.

Viet Thanh Nguyen
And the Nguyen has called Hollywood as an industry, the memory industry in that same way, where so much of our to your point, popular culture really is what's driving our understanding of how events have happened. So when we have shows and novels like the sympathizer that kind of pushes back on that and shows another perspective. It really just adds a lot more nuance to the conversation and allows it to really grow in, I think, really positive ways. All right. Well, Daniel Chin is a staff writer for the culture site the Ringer.

Danielle Kurtzleben
Daniel, thank you so much for joining us. Thanks again for having me on. This episode was produced by Mark Rivers. It was edited by Courtney Dorning and Jeanette woods. Our executive producer is Sammy Yenigun.

Thanks to our consider this plus listeners who support the work of NPR journalists and help keep public radio strong. Supporters also hear every episode without messages from sponsors. Learn more at plus Dot, npr.org dot.

It's consider this from NPR. I'm Danielle Kurtzleben.

Jasmine Morris
Jasmine Morris here from the Storycorps podcast. Our latest season is called my Way, stories of people who found a rhythm all their own and march to it throughout their lives, consequences and other people's opinions be damned. You won't believe the courage and audacity in these stories. Hear them on the Storycorps podcast from NPR.

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