Gun violence is getting worse. Is this the solution?

This episode explores the rising issue of gun violence in the U.S., framing it as a public health crisis and discussing potential solutions.

1. Gun violence is labeled a public health crisis by the Surgeon General, a first in U.S. history.
2. Over 48,000 Americans die from gun-related incidents each year, with suicides constituting a significant portion.
3. Solutions include policy changes like universal background checks and promoting safe storage practices.
4. Public health approaches to gun violence can potentially change the national discourse, much like the campaign against tobacco.
5. Both guests stress the importance of approaching gun safety from a medical and health perspective rather than a purely political one.

1: Introduction and Background

The episode opens with a powerful introduction by host Juana Summers, setting the context of gun violence as a public health crisis. Juana Summers: "Gun violence is a national public health crisis."

2: The Public Health Approach

Discussion on how reframing gun violence as a public health issue can lead to meaningful changes. Vivek Morthy: "I lay out a series of strategies in this advisory that we can take to address the scourge of gun violence."

3: Practical Implications and Policies

Dr. Cedric Dark outlines specific policies and preventive measures that could reduce gun violence. Cedric Dark: "We're talking about things like, once a gun is in a home, how can we make that gun safer?"

4: Personal Perspectives and Closing Thoughts

The personal views of the guests, including Dr. Dark's experience as a gun owner and physician. Cedric Dark: "It's my job to tell you about risk."

1. Educate Yourself and Others: Learn about gun safety and public health perspectives on gun violence.
2. Advocate for Policy Changes: Support laws for safe storage and universal background checks.
3. Mental Health Awareness: Be proactive in addressing mental health as a key factor in preventing gun violence.
4. Community Involvement: Engage in local community safety programs to reduce violence.
5. Responsible Gun Ownership: If you own a gun, ensure it is securely stored and educate others about safe gun practices.

The surgeon general's office has declared gun violence a national public health crisis.

It's the first time the body has ever issued a public health advisory about firearms, and for Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, it's a step in reframing the conversation about death by gunfire.

According to the CDC, more than 48,000 Americans were killed by gun violence in 2021, and over half of those deaths were by suicide.

People

Vivek Morthy, Cedric Dark

Content Warnings:

Mentions of suicide and gun violence

Juana Summers
A heads up that this story is about gun violence in all its forms. It may not be appropriate for everyone, so please take care. Gun violence is a national public health crisis. That's the message this week from US Surgeon General Vivek Morthy. It's the first time the surgeon general's office has ever issued a public health advisory about firearms.

Morthy says his goal is to reframe the conversation about death by gunfire. I lay out a series of strategies in this advisory that we can take to address the scourge of gun violence. That's morthe speaking on NPR's here and now earlier this week, the scourge of gun violence he's referring to has a number. More than 48,000 Americans were killed by guns in 2021. That's according to the CDC's most recent annual data.

Over half those gun deaths were by suicide. And what we ought to recognize is the toll that it's taking on us. The highest price we're paying are the lives lost, nearly 50,000 a year. But for every one person who loses their life to gun violence, there are two who are injured and who survive, but with mental and physical consequences. Eric Brown is a survivor.

He and a friend were both shot outside their car in Chicago a couple years ago, waiting for a takeout order at a vegan restaurant. They each recovered from their physical injuries. But not long after the shooting, Brown told me about the mental toll of that experience. And all I can remember during that time is just, like, sitting in my head, like, when is this going? When is this gonna be over?

Eric Brown
Like, just praying that it's gonna be over and that I don't get hit nowhere, that it will just, like, permanently make me disabled or, like, even kill me. That summer, Brown had relocated to Chicago for a summer internship. But it's actually the city where he grew up. That fear of gun violence was inescapable when he was young. When I was growing up, I was like, I hope I never get shot.

That's something that I never want to experience. So I made sure that I avoid every way possible to not get shot. Brown chose to go out of state to college, to the University of Wisconsin. He says he made that decision in part to escape the gun violence in his hometown. I don't have to, like, lean towards the streets and be involved in nonsense that I don't see myself being a part of.

I never thought I was going to be a victim of gun violence. Even with everything he did, Brown could not avoid becoming a victim of gun violence. And that is an increasing reality here in the US. Consider guns are killing Americans at a higher rate each year. Will calling the issue a public health crisis make a difference?

Juana Summers
From NPR, I'm Juana Summers. The world of podcasts can feel overwhelming. We'll let you in on the easiest way to find your next favorite show. Head to npr.org podcast. From politics to pop culture to music and everything in between, you'll find a selection of shows that'll make you a superfan in no time.

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Juana Summers
It's consider this from NPR. The issue of gun violence is a contentious political conversation in this country. But for years, doctors and health care officials have pushed to make it a conversation about public health, as the surgeon general has done this week. Doctor Cedric Dark is one of those doctors, and he treats gunshot victims himself. He's an associate professor of emergency medical medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.

Hi, doctor Dark. Thanks for having me on. So the surgeon general's advisory says that it's meant to call the american people's attention to an urgent public health issue. But Americans are already quite well aware of the effects of gun violence. I mean, the report itself even says that more than half of Americans worry about a loved one being hurt or being killed by guns.

So just to start in practical terms, what does a report like this accomplished? The biggest thing that the surgeon general is doing is by putting focus and putting a direct spotlight on this public health issue. So no matter how much the public is talking about it or friendly politicians, the surgeon general's report is really important for focusing the public's viewpoint on what it should be looking at. Think about the surgeon general's report on smoking and tobacco. It changed the paradigm and for the next couple generations after that allowed us to tackle the tobacco industry.

Cedric Dark
So this is something that I think allows us to look at the cures to gun violence. But instead of through a political lens, through a scientific lens and a public. Health lens, because you brought it up, I do want to talk about that 1964 advisory on the health risks of smoking. And that report. As you point out, it did reframe the national conversation about smoking.

Juana Summers
But smoking cigarettes is not a constitutionally protected right in the same way that the right to bear arms is. So I wonder just how useful that comparison is, in fact. Well, I think when I approach this from the bedside, you know, if we're talking about cigarettes, we have, as physicians, have a responsibility to our patients, to advise them as the. What's the best thing for them? To tell them to stop smoking.

Cedric Dark
And we also have that same responsibility when it comes to talking to our patients about firearms as well, whether they're here seeing me in the emergency department for a mental health crisis, or for some other reason, maybe they have children visiting, making sure that their firearms are safely stored, locked, and hopefully separate from ammunition. And it's not something that I would shy away from doing. It's my duty as a physician to approach the patient every time that I see something that might be harmful to their health. And so we should be doing the same thing, physicians, as well as the public health community, in talking to each other about firearms. The surgeon general has chosen to call attention this week to gun violence specifically.

Juana Summers
But as a physician, where does that fall? Among other sorts of public health crises that we're seeing? I think the one thing that's really important to note is a study came out a couple years ago, and looking at children and teenagers, and specifically the number one cause of death for them. For the longest time, it had been motor vehicles. And in the most recent years, that has actually been eclipsed by firearm violence.

Cedric Dark
And that's one firearm violence increasing, but also because we've actually taken efforts to stop what was the number one cause, which was motor vehicle collisions. You know, we've done things like car seats, made sure that children are not sitting in the front seat of the car. And other techniques, through changing the manufacturing of cars, have made cars safer. We can do the same sorts of things to firearms, and no one has gotten rid of cars. There's probably more than ever out there, but we've not done that same sort of pattern for firearms.

Juana Summers
Let's shift the conversation now to some of the policies that the surgeon general recommends, policies around guns themselves, things like requiring safe storage, universal background checks, and a ban on assault weapons. What do you make of those types of recommendations. So when I approach this report, and I specifically look at the policy portions of it, I like to think about it the same way public health professionals think about any other disease process, and that's primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. So when it comes to primary prevention, we can talk about things like background checks, which essentially are trying to make sure that guns don't wind up in the hands of people that aren't supposed to have them in the first place. And we know that if we fix that, that lives will be saved from a secondary prevention process.

Cedric Dark
We're talking about things like, once a gun is in a home, how can we make that gun safer? And so tragedy doesn't strike, and that's where safe storage comes into play. So if you do have a firearm at home, like I do, you can go ahead and lock it up, put on a trigger lock, you can put it in safe. And then third, we have tertiary prevention things like violence intervention programs. So once someone's already been shot, how do you prevent that from happening again?

Juana Summers
I want to ask you a personal question, because you are an emergency physician, but you are also a gun owner. So I'm hoping that you can talk a little bit about your decision to own a gun, but you are also advocating for some of these measures to prevent gun violence. And those are two things that some people may see as in conflict with one another. Yeah, I don't see it as something that's in conflict. I live in Texas.

Cedric Dark
Texas has a very strong gun culture here. My house is broken into. When I first moved down here. My wife went to the store the next day, bought a couple guns, and brought them home. Until then, I had never actually owned a firearm myself.

But what we did was be responsible about it. We decided to go ahead and take courses so that we actually know how to use them. And then once we had a child, to actually put those firearms away so that our child doesn't have access to them. And I know a lot of people listening might have different opinions on that. It's not my job as a physician to tell you what to think or how to run your house, but it is my job to tell you about risk.

And I think this is why it's really important. The surgeon general is making the statement so that people understand the true risks of having a firearm and they can decide what they want to do on their own. I know that you are not a politician. You are not an elected official, but I want to know from you, do you believe that a report like the one that the surgeon general has just issued has any hope of changing the political conversation about guns in a way that the mass shootings that we have seen in this country, like in Sandy Hook, like in Uvalde, like in so many communities across this country, have not been able to. I hope that it can.

I think that when you talk about mass shooting zone, we talk about things like assault weapons, which are mentioned in the report as well. There's something where I think certain people can disagree on. What I'm hoping, though, is that the surgeon general's report allows us to have these conversations and take the politics out of it so that we can approach things from a more evidenced, informed manner and figure out what works and put forth laws to save the most lives that we can. That was doctor Cedric Dark. He's an emergency physician at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and author of an upcoming book called under the gun.

Juana Summers
Doctor Dark, thank you. Thank you. This episode was produced by Katherine Fink, Mark Rivers and Janaki Mehta. It was edited by Jeanette woods and Christopher Nataliata. Our executive producer is Sami Yenigun.

If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 988 to reach the suicide and crisis lifeline. And one more thing before we go. You can now enjoy the consider this newsletter. We still help you break down a major story of the day, but you'll also get to know our producers and hosts and some moments of joy from the ALL THIngs COnsidered team. You can sign up@npr.org.

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